嗅鞘细胞移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的组织病理学变化☆

背景：对于脊髓损伤，目前临床尚无有效的治疗对策，近年来嗅鞘细胞移植对脊髓损伤修复取得了一定的进展。 目的：观察嗅鞘细胞移植在缓解损伤脊髓的病理反应和超微结构变化，及其在发生发展中的作用。 方法：60只大鼠随机分为空白组，模型组，嗅鞘胞移植组和DF12组，每组15只。空白组：仅切开T10全椎板及T9，T11部分椎板，对脊髓未作其他处理，明胶海绵轻柔压迫止血；模型组：仅切断脊髓，未作特殊处理；嗅鞘细胞移植组和DF12组：切断脊髓后用微量注射器分别注射嗅鞘细胞和DF12培养液，随后缝合切口。脊髓损伤后1，3，7，14，28，42，56 d每组麻醉2只受检大鼠，取材做光镜观察和电镜观察。 结果与结论：单纯脊髓横切损伤后，发生了出血、水肿、变性、坏死以及囊腔形成，胶质细胞增生和神经纤维再生。嗅鞘细胞移植后，明显减轻了神经元和神经纤维的坏死变性程度，减轻病理反应，并能对损伤神经元实施保护；防止了胶质细胞过度增生形成瘢痕屏障，明显增加了再生神经纤维的数量。提示嗅鞘细胞移植对损伤脊髓具有减轻病理反应和促进修复的作用。

Histopathological changes of rat injured spinal cord following olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation

BACKGROUND: There are no effective treatments for spinal cord injury. Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) has achieved great progress in repairing spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of OECs transplantation on pathological and ultrastructural alterations of spinal cord, and the role in spinal cord injury developing. METHODS: A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model, transplantation and DF12 groups, with 15 animals in each group. The entire vertebral plate of T10, and partial vertebral plate of T9 and T11 of blank group were cut open, and gelatin sponge was used for hemostasis. In the model group, the spinal cord was excised. In the transplantation and DF12 groups, OECs and DF12 culture solution were injected following spinal cord excision. The incision was sutured. Two rats from each group were anesthetized 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 days following injury, and injured areas were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Following spinal cord injury, pathological and ultrastructural changes occurred, such as hemorrhage, edema, degeneration, necrosis, cavitation, gliacyte proliferation and nerve fiber regeneration. OECs transplantation attenuated neuronal and nerve fiber necrosis, relieved degree of pathological reaction, protected injured neurons, prevented gliacyte proliferation and increased nerve fiber regeneration. Results show that OECs transplantation ameliorated pathological reactions and promoted spinal cord injury repair.