The association of equinus and primary genu recurvatum gait in cerebral palsy |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Clinics, Heidelberg, Germany;2. Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany;1. Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies and LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Welfare and Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands;4. De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;5. Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, and Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands;1. University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;2. University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1257D Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;3. University of California, Riverside, Graduate School of Education, Sproul Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;4. Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, 950 South McAllister, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States;2. Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States;3. Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States;4. Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States;5. Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States;1. Vestibular and Ocular Motor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;2. Royal Dutch VISIO, Postbus 1180, 1270 BD Huizen, The Netherlands;1. Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy;2. Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy;3. Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK;1. KU Leuven, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;2. University Hospital of Pellenberg, Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium;3. KU Leuven, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;4. ETH, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Rämistrasse 101, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;5. KU Leuven, Science, Engineering and Technology Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium |
| |
| Abstract: | ![]()
Primary genu recurvatum (GR) is less investigated and data presenting the prevalence among patients with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP) is lacking in the literature. Equinus is mentioned as one of the main underlying factors in GR, but its influence on the severity and onset type of GR is mainly unanswered, yet. Hence, the purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of GR in a large sample size in children with BSCP and to investigate sagittal plane kinematics to evaluate the influence of equinus on different GR types using data of three-dimensional gait analysis. GR was defined as a knee hyperextension of more than one standard deviation of an age matched control group during stance phase in either one or both of the limbs. Primary GR was defined as a GR without having previous surgery regarding the lower extremity, no selective dorsal rhizotomy and/or interventions like botulinum toxin injection, shock wave therapy or serial casting during the last 6 months in the patient history. In a retrospective study 463 patients with BSCP (GMFCS Level I–III) received three-dimensional gait analysis and were scanned for the presence of primary GR. Finally, 37 patients (23 males, 14 females) matched the determined inclusion criteria and were therefore included for further analysis in this study. Out of those patients seven walked with orthoses or a walker and were excluded from further statistical comparison: Kinematics of the lower limbs were compared between patients having severe (knee hyperextension > 15°) and moderate (knee hyperextension 5–15°) GR and between patients showing an early (first half of stance phase) and a late (second half of stance phase) GR. Primary GR was present in 37 patients/52 limbs (prevalence 8.0/5.6%). Severe GR was associated with a decreased ankle dorsiflexion compared with moderate GR. Early GR showed an increased knee hyperextension compared to late GR. In conclusion GR is less frequent compared with crouch or stiff gait. Our findings support the importance of equinus as a major underlying factor in primary GR. In this context the influence of equinus seems to be more important in early GR. |
| |
| Keywords: | Genu recurvatum Cerebral palsy Children Kinematics Motion analysis Equinus |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
