高功能孤独症儿童汉语口语花园路径句的理解研究

目的 探究高功能孤独症(HFA)儿童汉语花园路径句理解的心理行为特点。方法 2019年4月至8月，在上海市华东师范大学的言语听觉重点实验室采用社会招募的办法，招募35例HFA儿童(HFA组)和35例生理年龄匹配的普通发展儿童(TD组)为研究对象。基于心理语言学方法设计《花园路径句理解测验》，采用施事任务实验范式对两组儿童进行花园路径句理解能力测试和心理加工过程的分析，探索HFA儿童对汉语口语花园路径句的加工策略和错误类型。结果 HFA组花园路径句理解得分明显低于TD组(t=-2.941, P <0.01)，反应时显著长于TD组(t=6.132, P <0.001)，两组习得人数无显著性差异(χ²=2.954, P>0.05)。在“有生命的名词+动词+有生命的名词+的+名词”(AVA)和“有生命的名词+动词+无生命的名词+的+名词”(AVI)花园路径句的错误类型上，两组均表现为“追求语序正确型”施事错误高于“追求语义正确型”施事错误(t>2.503, P<0.05)；在“无生命名词+动词+有生命名词+的+名词”(IVA)错误类型上，HF...

Comprehension of Chinese spoken garden path sentences for children with high-functioning autism

Objective To explore the psychological and behavioral characteristics of understanding Chinese garden path sentences in children with high-functioning autism (HFA). Methods From April to August, 2019, 35 children with HFA and 35 age-matched typically developing (TD) children were recruited by social recruitment method in the Key Laboratory of Speech and Hearing of East China Normal University in Shanghai. The Garden Path Sentence Comprehension Test was designed based on the psycholinguistic method, and the mental process and the ability of understanding garden path sentences were tested by the agent task experiment paradigm. Finally, the processing strategies and error types of Chinese spoken garden path sentences for HFA children were explored. Results The score in understanding garden path sentences was lower (t = -2.941, P < 0.01), and the reaction time in processing garden path sentences was significantly longer (t = 6.132, P < 0.001) in HFA children than in TD children, however, there was no significant difference in the number of childern mastering garden path sentences between two groups (χ² = 2.954, P > 0.05). In terms of the error types of "animate noun + verb + animate noun + 's + noun" (AVA) and "animate noun + verb + inanimate noun + 's + noun" (AVI) garden path sentences, both groups showed more errors in "pursuit of correct word order" than in "pursuit of semantically correct" (t > 2.503, P < 0.05). In "inanimate noun + verb + animate noun + 's + noun" (IVA) sentences, HFA children showed less erros in "pursuit of correct word order" than in "pursuit of semantically correct" (t = -6.523, P < 0.001), however, no difference was found between them in TD children (t = 2.024, P > 0.05). Conclusion The processing and comprehension ability of Chinese spoken garden path sentences in HFA children aged five to seven yeas are poor. HFA children are more sensitive to semantics, and garden path sentences with semantic violations are more likely to lead to HFA children's understanding errors. In the garden path sentence patterns of AVA and AVI, HFA children appear similar sentence understanding and processing strategies as TD children. In the garden path of IVA, HFA children use a sentence processing strategy combining word order and semantics, but semantics play a more prominent role, while TD children use a more stable word order processing strategy.