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Developmental pathways of social avoidance across adolescence: The role of social anxiety and negative cognition
Affiliation:1. Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA;2. Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA;3. Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;4. McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA;5. Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA;2. Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;1. Anxiety Disorders Outpatient Program for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PROTAIA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil;2. Center for Psychological Studies on At-Risk Populations (CEP-Rua), Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil;3. Study Group in Psychopathology and Psychological Assessment, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil;4. National Science and Technology Institute for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (INPD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, P404 Duff Roblin Building, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada;3. Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, PsycHealth Centre, PZ433-771 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3N4, Canada;1. School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 238, Reading RG6 6AL, United Kingdom;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
Abstract:It is argued that the adolescent onset of social anxiety disorder (SAD) may be partly attributable to an increase in avoidance of social situations across this period. The current cohort-sequential study investigated developmental pathways of social avoidance in adolescence and examined the explanatory role of social anxiety and negative cognitive processes. A community sample of youth (9–21 years, N = 331) participated in a four-wave study. Trajectory analyses revealed two pathways: an increased avoidance pathway and a low avoidance pathway. The pathways were hardly distinguishable at age 9 and they steadily diverged across adolescence. Logistic regression analyses showed that social anxiety and post-event rumination were significantly related to the increased avoidance pathway; anticipatory processing and self-focused attention were not. The findings suggest that adolescence is a key developmental period for the progression of social avoidance among youth who show relatively high levels of social anxiety and post-event rumination.
Keywords:Avoidance  Adolescence  Social anxiety  Post-event rumination  Life interference
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