Regional brain perfusion changes during standard and microburst vagus nerve stimulation in dogs |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;2. Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;3. Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;4. Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;5. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;6. Department of Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;1. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany;2. Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany;1. Epilepsy Program, Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children (University of Toronto), Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada;2. Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA;3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA;4. Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA;5. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;1. Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;2. Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands;3. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht, The Netherlands;4. Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, The Netherlands;5. Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
PurposeVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective adjunctive treatment for refractory epilepsy in humans, but its mechanism of action (MOA) and optimal stimulation parameters are still unknown. Functional neuroimaging studies could provide better insight into the brain structures involved in the activity of VNS, but have not yet been described in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute VNS on the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in dogs using micro-SPECT (μ-SPECT). Additionally, a novel stimulation paradigm (microburst VNS) was used and compared with standard VNS.MethodsA VNS Therapy® System was implanted in ten Beagle dogs. μ-SPECT was performed after sham, standard and microburst VNS in a randomized, cross-over study. Nineteen volumes of interest (VOIs) were semi-quantitatively analysed and perfusion indices (PIs) were calculated. Furthermore, a rostro-caudal gradient (R-C), an asymmetry index (AI) and a cortical-subcortical index (Co-SCo) were determined. The SPECT results after standard and microburst VNS were compared pairwise with sham stimulation.ResultsAcute standard VNS did not cause significant rCBF alterations. Acute microburst VNS caused a significant hypoperfusion in the left frontal lobe (P = 0.023) and in the right parietal lobe (P = 0.035). Both stimulation paradigms did not cause changes in R-C, AI nor Co-SCo.ConclusionsMicroburst VNS is more potent than standard VNS to modulate the rCBF in the dog. Our results promote further research towards the antiepileptic effect of microburst VNS in dogs and humans. |
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| Keywords: | Vagus nerve stimulation μ-SPECT Regional brain perfusion Dog Microburst |
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