山东省滕州市2676名农村小学生沙眼患病调查

目的 调查山东省滕州市农村小学生的沙眼患病情况.方法 采用以人群为基础的横断面调查方法.2008年4月至7月期间,在由山东省防盲办公室组织的山东省50岁及以上人群盲与低视力眼病流行病学调查中,在4个调查县(市、区)之一的滕州市采用随机整群抽样方法抽取27个村为调查点.将调查点所在地的16所农村小学进行编号,应用单纯随机抽样方法抽取8所小学,共2742名小学生,实查2676人,受检率为97.60%.采用世界卫生组织沙眼简易分期标准,在3倍放大镜下进行检查和记录.沙眼患病率的比较采用χ2检验进行分析.结果 2676名受检小学生中,检出活动性沙眼593例,患病率为22.16%95%可信区间(CI):20.59%～23.73%];受检女性的沙眼患病率为25.79%(276/1070),高于男性的患病率19.74%(317/1606)(χ2=13.653,P=0.000).各年龄组之间沙眼患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=9.389,P=0.052).各级沙眼滤泡性沙眼、浸润性沙眼、瘢痕性沙眼的患病率分别为5.68%(152/2676)、19.21%(514/2676)、0.56%(15/2676);女性浸润性沙眼的患病率22.90%(245/1070)高于男生16.75%(269/1606)(χ2=15.638,P=0.000);滤泡性沙眼、瘢痕性沙眼的患病率在男女性之间差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);全部受检小学生中无沙眼性倒睫和角膜混浊病例发生.结论 山东省滕州市农村小学生沙眼患病率较高.建议采取群体普遍应用抗生素、改善个人卫生和居住环境、建立和完善初级眼保健体系等干预措施.

Prevalence of trachoma in rural primary school children in Tengzhou City of Shandong Province in China

Objective To investigate the prevalence of trachoma and its risk factors in rural primary school children in Tengzhou City of Shandong Province. Methods In this cross-sectional population-based study, children aged 5 to 14 years old in primary school were randomly selected by a cluster sampling in which school shift was the sampling unit. Out of 2742 students, 2676 were eligible. The examination rate was 97.60%. All selected students were assessed for trachoma using the simplified grading scheme proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Statistical significance was calculated using Chi-square tests.Results Out of 2676 eligible children, 593 cases of active trachoma were found, the prevalence of trachoma was 22. 16% (95% CI:20. 59%-23.73% ). In 1606 boys, the prevalence of active trachoma was 19. 74%,compared with 25.79% for girls. Girls were affected by active trachoma higher than boys (25.79% versus 19. 74%, P = 0. 000). There was no significant difference among different age groups in term of the prevalence of trachoma ( P = 0. 052 ) . The prevalence of trachomatous follicle ( TF ), trachomatous inflammation (TI), and trachomatous scarring ( TS ) was 5.68% ( 152/2676 ), 19. 21% ( 514/2676 ),0. 56% (15/2676),respectively. TI was more prevalent in girls than in boys (22. 90% versus 16. 75%,p=0.000). Conclusions Trachoma is still endemic in children of primary schools in Tengzhou rural areas. Some interventions including mass treatment with antibiotics, improvement of hygienic conditions, and improvement of primary eye care are needed.