云南省边远农村12～18月龄小儿营养状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解云南贫困农村小儿营养状况及影响因素,为制定改善小儿营养状况措施提供依据.方法 选取云南省农村12~18月龄的小儿家庭进行调查.采用自制调查问卷对照顾者进行询问,并测量小儿身长、体重.结果 (1)小儿生长迟缓率为35.3%,低体重率为4.4%,消瘦率为2.5%; (2)4月龄时和6月龄时的纯母乳喂养率分别为70.59%和36.77%;小儿 4月龄时的辅食添加率为29.41%,6月龄时辅食添加率为77.21%,至小儿满1岁,仍有4.4%的小儿未添加辅食.至调查时,小儿还未添加动物肝脏、大豆制品和蛋类的比例分别为54.41%、38.24/%和24.27%; (3)多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,父亲外出打工时间短、主要照顾者不是母亲、家庭人均肉蛋奶消费低、肉类添加频率少是发生小儿生长迟缓的危险因素.结论 云南边远农村小儿的生长发育仍然处于相对较低水平,儿童营养不良与喂养不合理和家庭食品消费水平低有关,应加强开展有针对性的喂养指导及对贫困家庭小儿的营养救助.

Nutritional Status and Influencing Factors of Infants aged 12 to 18 Months in Rural Areas of Yunnan

Objective To understand the nutrition status and influencing of infants in rural areas of Yunnan,so as to provide scientific bases to make up measure of improving infants’nutrition status.Methods A questionnaire survey was given to the caregivers of infants aged 12~18 months and the height and weight of infants were measured in rural areas of Yunnan.Results(1)The prevalence rates of stunting,under-weight and wasting were 35.3%,4.4% and 2.5% respectively.(2)The rate of exclusive breast feeding by the age of 4 month and 6 month were 70.59% and 36.77% respectively.The proportion of no complementary feeding in infants at 1 year old was 4.4%.The rates of feeding without liver,bean products and eggs were 54.41%,38.24% and 24.27% respectively.(3)Non-conditional multiple logistic regression model indicated that father working shorter time out of home,not-mother as caretaker,lower per capita consumption expenditure of meat,egg,milk and milk products,less frequency of eating meat were correlated with infant stunting(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of infant malnutrition is still high in rural areas of Yunnan.Infant malnutrition is correlated with unreasonable feeding and low food consumption expenditure.Therefore,it suggested that not only infant feeding education is necessary,but nutritional food supply to infant is emergent as well.