Climacteric symptoms do not impair cognitive performances in postmenopause |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chair, Professor, Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;2. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;3. Division of Endocrinology Kaiser Permanente of Georgia and the Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;4. Director, Ochsner Diabetes Clinical Research Unit, Frank Riddick Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana;6. Past Clinical Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California;7. Professor and Director, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, A.C. Mullins Chair in Translational Research, Director, Clinical Research Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee;8. Professor of Medicine, Chief, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas;9. Medical Director, Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, Clinical Professor of Medicine, UCSD, President, Diabetes and Endocrine Associates, La Jolla, California;10. Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology, Assistant Dean for Clinical Research, Tullis Tulane Alumni Chair in Diabetes, Chief, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana;11. Endocrine Division, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts;12. Butterworth Professor, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Director, UAB Diabetes Research Center, GRECC Investigator and Staff Physician, Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, Alabama;13. Chairman, Grunberger Diabetes Institute, Clinical Professor, Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Professor, Internal Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Visiting Professor, Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, Past President, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists;14. Medical Director & Principal Investigator, Metabolic Institute of America, Chair, AACE Lipid and Cardiovascular Health Disease State Network, Tarzana, California;15. Professor of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington;16. Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, The Center for Diabetes & Endocrine Care, Hollywood, Florida, Past President, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists;17. Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;18. Professor of Medicine, Medical Director, The Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart, Director, Metabolic Support, Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, Past President, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Past President, American College of Endocrinology;19. Clinical Professor, Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, University California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, Co-Director, Diabetes Out-Patient Clinic, UCI Medical Center, Orange, California, Director & Principal Investigator, Diabetes/Lipid Management & Research Center, Huntington Beach, California;20. Professor of Medicine, Emory University, Section Head,, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Grady Health System, Atlanta, Georgia, Editor-in-Chief, BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.;1. Directorate of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute–Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia;2. School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Objective: To investigate whether information processing and attention performances are affected by climacteric vasomotor symptoms. Methods: The study group comprised 66 healthy hysterectomized postmenopausal women. The subjects were divided into two subgroups (high symptomatic and low symptomatic) according to the quantity of climacteric vasomotor symptoms. Information processing was examined using CogniSpeed, a reaction time software that separates, for example, pure controlled processing and working memory from perceptual and motor components. Attention was examined by using visual and auditory tasks. The role of climacteric depression as a determinant of cognitive performance was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory and dividing subjects according to self-reported climacteric mood symptoms. The effects of serum oestrogen level and ageing on cognitive performances were also studied. Results: Cognitive performances were similar in high symptomatic and low symptomatic women. On the Verification test younger women had shorter reaction times (P = 0.002) and on the Subtraction test they had fewer errors (P = 0.015) than older women. These tests required working memory and decision making. Accuracy in the tests of sustained and auditory attention worsened slightly with age. Cognitive performances neither correlated with scores on the Beck Depression scale nor with serum oestrogen level. Climacteric mood symptoms did not impair cognitive performance. Conclusions: Despite subjective complaints of memory impairment in association with climacteric vasomotor symptoms, our results did not support a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Thus, the minor deficits found in cognitive processing efficiency seem to be related rather to age than climacteric symptoms. |
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