先天性残疾发生的环境危险因素分析

目的:分析先天性残疾发生的主要环境危险因素。方法:以2008～2009年广州市410例申请再生育家庭的先天性残疾患儿的母亲为研究对象,对其进行回顾性问卷调查,采用病例对照方法研究先天性残疾发生的环境危险因素。结果:410例患儿中孤独症、精神发育迟滞、脑性瘫痪、先天性心脏病、耳聋及21-三体综合征等占患儿总数的62.68%,环境因素暴露是先天性疾病的重要危险因素,主要有孕期患有疾病、孕早期服药和工作生活环境接触有毒物质。结论:孕期环境因素暴露是先天性残疾发生的重要危险因素,因此在产前保健中加强健康教育,增强孕妇自我保健意识降低先天残疾发生。

Analysis on environmental risk factors of congenital disabilities

Objective:To analyze the main environmental risk factors of congenital disabilities.Methods:Four hundred and ten mothers whose children had congenital disabilities in Guangzhou city from 2008 to 2009 were selected as study objects,then retrospective investigation questionnaire was performed,a case-control method was used to research the environmental risk factors of congenital disabilities.Results:Among 410 children,the proportion of children with autism,mental retardation,cerebral palsy,congenital heart disease,deafness,and trisomy 21 accounted for 62.68%,environmental factors were important risk factors of congenital disabilities,mainly including diseases during pregnancy,taking medicine during the first trimester of pregnancy,and exposure to toxic substance during work and life.Conclusion:Gestational environmental factors are important risk factors of congenital disabilities,thus,to reduce the occurrence of congenital disabilities,health education during prenatal health care and consciousness of maternal self-health care should be strengthened.