陕西省26例危重型手足口病的病原学特点及临床分析

目的 分析2010年陕西省危重型手足口病(hand,foot,and mouth disease,HFMD)患儿病原学及临床特点.方法 回顾性分析2010年3月至9月我院收治的26例危重型HFMD患儿的临床资料.采用反转录实时定量PCR方法检测其中20例危重患儿的咽拭子肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)及柯萨奇病毒A组16型的核酸,选择6个不同地区EV71阳性标本进行VP1全长基因扩增、测序,与国内其他地区毒株进行比较.结果 20例受检患儿中,EV71感染18例,2例为阴性.发病地区:渭南20例(76.9％),成阳地区4例,西安市区2例.6株EV71 VP1基因全长序列与安徽阜阳、我国香港、广州、深圳、山东、北京比较,同源性达96％～100％.危重型HFMD多发生于3岁以下患儿,男性多于女性,所有患儿伴持续高热、精神差、易惊、嗜睡、肢体抖动,外周血白细胞、C反应蛋白及血糖均明显升高,肾损伤少见.临床痊愈出院18例,其中遗留有肢体活动障碍2例,死亡8例.结论 陕西危重型HFMD以渭南地区高发,且以EV71感染为主,与我国其他地区EV71有高度同源性.危重型手足口病病情凶险,早期识别、早期干预可缓解病情,是降低病死率的关键.

Etiology and clinical characteristics of 26 critically ill children with severe hand foot and mouth disease in Shanxi province

Objective To analyse the etiology and clinical characteristics of 26 critically ill children with severe hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) of Shanxi province in 2010.Methods We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 26 children with severe HFMD from Mar to Sep 2010.Nucleic acid of enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) and Coxsackie virus A 16 ( CoxA16) were detected in 20 out of 26 children with HFMD by reversed real time polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR),and the whole VP1 gene of EV71 deriving from 6 different areas of Shanxi province was amplified,sequenced,and compared with strains from other areas in china.Results EV71 nucleic acid were positive in 18 out of 20 children,while the other two were negative for EV71 and CoxAl6.Among all the critical cases,20 cases (76.9％) occurred in Weinan area,four in Xianyang area,and two in Xi'an urban area.Compared with those of Fuyang Anhui,Hong Kong China,Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Shandong,Beijing,the homology of the whole VP1 gene sequence from 6 strains of Shanxi area was 96％ ～ 100％.Most of the critical children were under 3-year-old,and the incidence rate of male children was higher than that of female children.All affected children had persisted fever,poor energy,hyperarousal,hypersomnia,and limb shaking.Meanwhile their peripheral blood leukocytes,C-reactive protein and blood glucose were markedly increased,but renal injuries were rare.Eighteen children clinically recovered on discharge,among which 2 cases had sequelae of limb activity obstacle,and 8 cases died.Conclusion Weinan is the area with the highest incidence rate of critical HFMD cases in Shanxi Province,and the major etiological organism is EV71,which is highly homologous to EV71 found in other regions of mainland China.As many cases are in dangerous condition,thus early identification and intervention could inhibit the disease progression,and play a key role in reducing the mortality.