麻黄碱不同作用时问对家兔鼻腔黏膜影响的电镜观察

目的动态观察麻黄碱不同作用时间对家兔鼻腔黏膜纤毛的影响，为临床选择合适的鼻腔减充血剂滴用时间提供依据。方法以80只新西兰白兔为实验对象，随机选取8只为对照组，剩余72只为实验组，随机分成9组，每组8只，其中3组（A组）均以1％麻黄碱鼻腔滴鼻5d，另外3组（B组）以1％麻黄碱鼻腔滴鼻10d，最后3组（C组）以1％麻黄碱鼻腔滴鼻20d。实验组家兔分别于滴药后当天、30d、50d处死，均取鼻中隔黏膜，进行扫描电镜观察。结果A组家兔鼻腔黏膜纤毛排列紊乱、倒伏，部分纤毛脱落，停药后，鼻腔黏膜纤毛逐渐恢复，于50d时全部标本均恢复正常。B组家兔鼻腔黏膜纤毛受损更加严重，停药50d后仅3个标本的部分纤毛恢复，另外5个标本受损区域未见纤毛生长。C组兔鼻腔黏膜纤毛基本消失，停药50d后全部标本均未见新生纤毛生长，受损区域被纤维组织替代。结论麻黄碱对鼻腔黏膜纤毛有极强的破坏作用，但短期内用药，尚可恢复。

Scanning electron microscope on cilia of nasal cavity mucosa by using ephedrine at different time

Objective To observe the effects of ephedrine on cilia of nasal cavity mucosa for the healthy New Zealand white rabbits at different time and provide scientific evidences for using ephedrine. Methods 80 New Zealand rabbits were used in the experiment. 8 in control group and other 54 rabbits were divided into 9 groups. 8 in every-group. 3 groups（group A）used 1% ephedrine for 5days, another 3 groups（group B）used 1% ephedrine for 10 days, last 3 groups（group C）used 1% ephedrine for 20 days. All of the samples were obtained instantly and after 30, 50 days respectively. All of the samples were observed with scanning electron microscope. Results Using ephedrine could make cilia of nasal cavity mucosa disorganization. Part of cilia of nasal cavity mucosa of group A were damaged and its recoverey needed 50 days. Most parts of cilia of nasal cavity mucosa of group B were damaged seriously and it was recovered partly after 50 days. All of cilia of nasal cavity mucosa of group C were damaged and nasal cavity mucosa was replaced by fibrous tissues. Conclusion The cilia of nasal cavity mucosa of New Zealand white rabbits can be damaged by ephedrine. But using ephedrine in short time cilia of nasal cavity mucosa can be recovered.