上海市闵行区不同居住环境老年人生活质量及其影响因素

目的 了解社区、敬老院、老年病房在住老年人生活质量及其影响因素,为有关部门制定提高老年人生活质量的决策提供依据. 方法 采用分层整群抽样方法抽取上海市某区9个社区居委会和3个村(统称社区)、12家敬老院、5家老年病房在住老年人,用健康状况调查简易量表(SF-36)进行调查,并对社区、敬老院、老年病房老年人生活质量及其影响因素进行分析. 结果 社区老年人生活质量情况为躯体功能(71.9±23.3)分、躯体角色(73.6±43.0)分、肌体疼痛(80.2±20.3)分、一般健康状况(53.2±19.1)分、生命力(70.4±15.6)分、社会功能(83.8±20.3)分、情感角色(81.1±37.2)分、心理健康(78.1±15.4)分、加权平均分为(74.1±17.5)分;敬老院老年人生活质量情况为躯体功能(42.1±30.7)分、躯体角色(57.9±48.1)分、肌体疼痛(78.0±23.0)分、一般健康状况(50.2±19.5)分、生命力(66.0±19.5)分、社会功能(70.8±26.3)分、情感角色(66.8±45.7)分、心理健康(73.6±19.6)分、加权平均分为(63.2±21.0)分;老年病房在住老年人生活质量情况为躯体功能(20.4±26.0)分、躯体角色(36.1±46.9)分、肌体疼痛(65.4±29.5)分、一般健康状况(43.1±17.1)分、生命力(59.0±18.0)分、社会功能(57.9±25.3)分、情感角色(49.5±48.7)分、心理健康(66.2±18.3)分、加权平均分为(49.7±18.3)分.影响社区老年人生活质量的因素为性别、文化程度、婚姻、以前从事的职业、年龄、所患疾病、对居住环境的满意度、对娱乐活动场所的满意度、体育锻炼状况;影响敬老院老年人生活质量的因素为年龄、所患疾病、对居住环境的满意度、对娱乐活动场所的满意度. 结论 社区老年人人口学因素对生活质量的影响比较明显,而敬老院、老年病房则不明显.对居住环境、娱乐活动场所、看病、交通状况满意程度不同及体育锻炼状况不同的社区、敬老院老年人生活质量明显不同.

Comparisons of the life quality and its influential factors among the senior citizens in communities, nursing homes and elderly wards in Shanghai Minhang district

Objective To understand the life quality of elderly person in communities, nursing homes and elderly wards, and to find out the related influencing factors for providing references for policy-makers to improve the life quality of the elderly. Methods The senior citizens in 9 communities, 3 villages, 12 nursing homes and 5 elderly wards in Shanghai Minhang District were enrolled by stratified cluster sampling. And the life quality and its influential factors among the inhabitants in communities, nursing homes and elderly wards were compared by adopting Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Results Regarding to the life qualities of senior citizens, community showed that physical functioning was (71. 9 ± 23. 3)scores, role physical was (73. 6 ± 43. 0) scores, bodily pain was (80. 2±20. 3)scores, general health was (53. 2± 19. 1)scores, vitality was (70. 4± 15. 7)scores, social function was ( 83. 8 ± 20. 2) scores, role emotional was ( 81. 1 ± 37. 2 ) scores, mental health was (78. 1 ± 15. 4) scores, weighted average was (74. 1 ± 17. 5) scores. Nursing home showed that physical functioning was (42. 1 ±30. 7) scores, role physical was (57. 9 ±48. 1) scores, bodily pain was (78.0±23.0)scores, general health was (50. 2± 19. 5)scores, vitality was (66. 0± 19. 5)scores, social function was (70. 8 ± 26. 3) scores, role emotional was (66. 8 ± 45. 7) scores, mental health was (73. 6 ± 19. 6) scores, weighted average was (63. 2 ± 21. 0) scores. Elderly ward showed that physical functioning was (20. 4 ± 26. 0) scores, role physical was (36. 1 ± 47. 0) scores, bodily pain was (65. 4±29. 5)scores, general health was (43. 1±17. 1)scores, vitality was (59. 0± 18. 0)scores, social function was (57. 9 ± 25. 3) scores, role emotional was (49. 5 ± 48. 7) scores, mental health was (66. 2 ± 18. 3) scores, weighted average was (49. 7 ±18. 3) scores. The major influential factors on the life quality were gender, education, marriage, profession, age, disease, residence, entertainment, physical exercise for community; Age, disease, residence, entertainment, physical exercise for nursing home; Age, etc for elderly ward. Conclusions The influences of demographic factors on life quality of the senior citizens in communities are more significant than in nursing home and elderly wards. Variations on the degree of satisfaction (in residence, entertainment, health care and transportation) and the situation of physical exercise have made vast difference in the life quality of the senior citizens both in communities and nursing homes.