医院空气中细菌分类及耐药性分析

目的了解我院空气中细菌种类及耐药情况，为医院感染控制提供参考。方法对2004年1-12月我院感染监测各类环境中培养出的450株菌用细菌生化微量鉴定编码方法进行鉴定。药敏试验用纸片扩散法。结果表皮葡萄球菌是空气中最主要的细菌。占51．1％（230／450）；其次是微球菌。占22．2％（100／450）；再次是真菌占11．1％（50／450）。本组细菌对常用抗菌药物青霉素和氨苄西林耐药率高达72．0％和76．9％。对新一代头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类药物的耐药率也在40％以上。结论定期对医院空气进行细菌监测及耐药性分析，对预防医院感染和合理使用抗生素意义重大。

Distribution of bacteriological spectrum in the air of hospital and analysis of their drug resistance

Objective To investigate the distribution of bacteriological spectrum in the air of hospital and the characteristics of antibiotic resistance, and provide some information for controlling the hospital infection. Methods A total of 450 the bacterium strains were cultured and collected from different kinds of the hospital environment during Jan to Dec 2004.The type of bacteria was identified by biochemical micro- identify coding method. Their resistance to anti- fungal agents were analyzed by paper diffusion assay. Results Staphylococcus epidermis was the major bacteria and accounted for 51.1 % (230/450). The second was Micrococcus and accounted for 22.2% (100/450). The third one was fungus and accounted for11.1 % (50/450). Their resistance rates to penicillin and ampicillin were high, 72.0% and 76.9% , respectively. The resistance rates to new antibiotics such as cephalosporins and quinolones were above 40% . Conclusion Surveillance on a regular the status of bacterium infection in the air of hospital and analysis the characteristics of antibiotic resistance were important for prevention of the hospital infections and the rational use of antibiotics.