新生儿ABO溶血病的检测与分析

本研究了解新生儿ABO溶血病（ABO-HDN）的发病率、血型模式并对溶血三项检测结果进行分析,为临床诊断及治疗提供依据.选择2013年1月至2013年10月本院及外院送检的母婴ABO血型不合病例227例,检测患儿及母亲的ABO血型及新生儿的溶血病三项试验（直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离抗体试验、红细胞抗体释放试验）.结果表明,新生儿ABO溶血病共186例,占所有病例的81.94％ （186/227）,O-A与O-B两种母婴血型模式的发病率经卡方检验P＞0.05.186例阳性病例中,直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性者占59.14％ （110/186）,游离抗体试验阳性者占84.78％ （156/186）,红细胞抗体释放试验阳性者占94.62％ （176/186）.结论：新生儿ABO溶血病发病率高,以母亲O型、患儿A/B型为主,O-A与O-B两种母婴血型模式的发病率的差异无显著性意义.溶血三项试验敏感性高,对新生儿溶血病的早期诊断、早期治疗起着非常积极的作用.

Detection and Analysis of ABO Hemolytic Disease in Newborn

This study was purposed to investigate the incidence and the model of ABO hemolytic disease in newborn （ABO-HDN） and the results of the three hemolysis test,so as to provide the evidences for clinical diagnosis and therapy.A total of 227 cases of maternal-fetal ABO incompatibility from January 2013 to October 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were enrolled in the study.The ABO blood group of newborn and mother was detemined and three hemolysis tests （direct antiglobulin test,free antibody test,RBC antibody release test） were performed.The results indicated that in 227 cases of ABO incompatible pregnancies,186 cases were ABO-HDN （81.94%）.There was no significant difference in the incidence between O-A and O-B incompatible pregnancies （P 〉 0.05）.The positive ratio of direct antiglobulin test,free antibody test and RBC antibody release test were 59.14% （110/186）,84.78% （156/186） and 94.62% （176/186） respectively.It is concluded that the incidence of ABO-HDN is high.The main models of ABO-HDN were O-A and O-B.There was no significant difference in the incidence between O-A and O-B incompatible pregnancies.Three hemolysis tests are high sensitivity and are helpful in early diagnosis and early treatment of HDN.