下牙槽神经相关神经肽及其非神经传导功能

下牙槽神经作为一种混合神经，不仅可以通过外感受器发挥神经传导功能，而且还可通过释放神经肽发挥其非神经传导功能。神经肽是一类由神经细胞合成并释放，通过细胞外的受体对目标细胞发挥调节作用的生物活性多肽，与下牙槽神经相关的神经肽主要有P物质、降钙素基因相关肽、神经肽Y和神经激肽A等。下牙槽神经可以通过释放这些神经肽调节牙体发育及神经源性炎症，维持体内免疫稳态、促进骨折愈合，在组织的修复再生中起重要作用。通过对下牙槽神经非传导作用的研究，进一步从分子、细胞及组织多层面探讨神经与组织再生间的关系，揭示神经因素在促进组织再生并提高其再生质量等方面的作用，将成为未来重要的研究方向。本文将就下牙槽神经及其非神经传导作用作一综述。

Inferior alveolar nerve and its non-nerve conduction function

The inferior alveolar nerve is a hybrid nerve that can serve as a nerve conduction function through the exteroceptors. At the same time, the inferior alveolar nerve can also have a non-nerve conduction function by releasing neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are a type of bioactive peptides that are secreted by the nerve cells, and they play their regulatory role through the extracellular receptors. Many neuropeptides are related to the inferior alveolar nerve, such as substance P, calcitonin-gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, and neurokinin A. The inferior alveolar nerve can regulate tooth development and neurogenic inflammation by releasing these neuropeptides. It also plays an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis, promoting fracture coalescence, and improving tissue repair regeneration. The relationship between nerves and tissue regeneration should be discussed from the level of molecule, cell, and tissue by studying the non-nerve conduction function of the inferior alveolar nerve. This issue will be the focus of related studies in the future. The current paper focuses on the inferior alveolar nerve and the non-nerve conduction function.