深静脉血栓形成的危险因素及临床分析

目的　提高对深静脉血栓形成 (DVT)和肺血栓栓塞症 (PTE)的危险因素和临床特点的认识。方法　对 338例DVT患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　近 10年来住院患者中DVT患者的比例呈逐年上升趋势。 80 4 %的DVT患者存在危险因素。最常见的危险因素为年龄≥ 4 0岁(88 9% )、心脏病 (4 3 0 % )、高血压 (35 1% )、长期卧床 (2 1 1% )、感染性疾病 (2 0 1% )等。DVT最常见的临床症状为患肢肿胀 (6 6 2 % )和疼痛 (4 0 5 % ) ,87 2 %的患者两侧小腿周径差值≥ 1cm。DVT易累及左下肢 ,近端静脉多见。 34 5 %的DVT患者合并PTE ,其中 74 6 %以PTE为首发症状。DVT发生PTE的比率在左、右下肢及静脉远、近端之间差异无显著性。结论　DVT在住院患者中所占比例逐渐增加 ,大多数存在危险因素 ,DVT在并发PTE前常无明显症状 ,应引起重视

Risk factors and clinical features of deep venous thrombosis:a report of 388 cases

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors and clinical characteristics of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). METHOD: The clinical manifestations and risk factors in 388 patients with DVT were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: The ratio of DVT cases in hospitalized patients had a trend of increasing in recent years. 80.4% of the patients with DVT had risk factors. The most common risk factors were age over 40 years old (88.9%), heart disease (43.0%), hypertension (35.1%), long term immobilization (21.1%), and infection (20.1%). The most common clinical presentations of DVT were swelling (66.2%) and pain (40.5%) of the affected extremity. Calf swelling by more than or equal to 1 cm compared with the asymptomatic leg was found in 87.2% patients. The site of DVT was more common in left extremities and proximal veins. PTE was found in 34.5% of the DVT cases and 74.6% of them were diagnosed prior to DVT. The ratio of PTE caused by DVT didn't show significant difference between left and right legs, neither between proximal and distal veins. CONCLUSIONS: The ratio of DVT cases in hospitalized patients was increasing. Most patients with DVT had risk factors. DVT was usually asymptomatic before PTE was complicated.