我国乙型病毒性肝炎防治研究新进展和面临的挑战

乙型病毒性肝炎目前仍然是威胁我国广大人民群众的严重传染病之一,但自1992年乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫规划以来,乙肝病毒感染流行率已明显下降,尤其是5岁以下儿童的HBsAg阳性率已降到1%以下。成人易感者乙肝疫苗接种也越来越广泛。HBV DNA的检测进入了高灵敏度时代,检测下限已低至10~20 IU/mL,因此为临床治疗决策点提供了更准确的依据和预后判断支持。新型核苷类等药物的研制和序贯或联合聚乙二醇干扰素等治疗方案使人们看到了实现乙肝"功能性治愈"新希望。乙肝患者通过规范化抗病毒治疗,可有效抑制其体内HBV DNA病毒复制,显著降低失代偿肝硬化和肝癌等不良转归风险。《中国热带医学》这期乙肝防治专栏重点刊登了5篇针对我国乙肝相关疾病的早期诊断、母婴传播的发生机制、临床患者的治疗和转归等方面的最新研究成果。相信通过大家的共同努力,在我国消除乙肝的夙愿已为期不远。

Research progress and challenges for hepatitis B prevention and treatment in China

Viral hepatitis B is still one of the serious infectious diseases threatening the broad masses of people in China. However, since hepatitis B vaccine was brought into the immunization program in 1992, HBV infection prevalence has decreased significantly, especially the HBsAg positive rate of children under 5 years old has decreased to less than 1%. Hepatitis B vaccine vaccination among susceptible adults is also more and more widespread. HBV DNA test entered the era of high sensitivity, its detection limit has been reached to 10-20 IU/mL, so it provides more accurate decision points for clinical treatment and prognosis judgement. New nuclear nucleoside drugs, and the development of equential or joint treatment such as Peg interferon make hepatitis B patients see a new hope of "functional cure". Through standardized antiviral therapy, which can effectively inhibit HBV DNA viral replication, it significantly reduces the risk of adverse outcomes, such as decompensated liver cirrhosis and cancer. This HBV control and prevention column of China Tropical Medicine published 5 papers about the latest research results of the early diagnosis of hepatitis B related diseases, mother-to-child transmission mechanism, clinical treatment and prognosis in China. We believe that through the joint efforts of everyone, it will not take long time to eliminate hepatitis B infection in our country.