老年人规律体育活动行为特点与健康水平调查

目的 缓解老龄化社会压力,探究城市老年人规律体育活动行为特点与体质健康水平,为老年人健康干预提供有益参考.方法 采用整群抽样法,于2015年对799名陕西省城市老年人规律体育活动、体质健康、心血管机能情况进行调查分析.结果 不同年龄组男性(F=7.036)、女性(F=11.773)老年人舒张压组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄组女性老年人腰围(F=5.251)、闭眼单脚站立(F=7.952)、坐位体前屈(F=3.081)组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),随年龄增长呈现下降趋势;腰围身高比(WHtR)与收缩压(r=0.121)、舒张压(r=0.070)、心率(r=0.080)相关关系具有统计学意义(P<0.05);各年龄组老年人与全国平均水平对比,身高、体质量、腰围、心率水平较好,血压、坐位体前屈、握力、闭眼单脚站立较差(P<0.05);健身走、太极拳、跑步、跳舞是老年人主要的体育运动项目,占所有运动项目的91.4%.结论 长期规律体育活动有助于改善老年人血压水平,延缓男性老年人的身体机能衰退;WHtR适合监测规律体育活动老年人体质水平,改善WHtR水平有助于减少心血管疾病的发生;女性老年人应增加慢跑等活动项目,70岁以上组应注意控制腰围;规律体育活动老年人需采取针对性措施改善血压、力量、平衡、柔韧指标,以有效改善健康水平.

Investigation on regular physical activity characteristics and health level of the elderly people

Objective To explore the regular physical activity characteristics and health level of the elderly people, and to alleviate the pressure of the aging society and provide a useful reference for health intervention on the el-derly. Methods A total of 799 elderly people in Shaanxi province were investigated in 2015 by the cluster sampling method for regular physical activity, physical health and cardiovascular function. Results In different age groups of male (F=7.036) and female (F=11.773), there were statistically significant differences in diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in waist (F=5.251), eyes-closed standing on one foot (F=7.952), sit-and-reach (F=3.081) of the female elderly between different age groups (P<0.05), which showed a downward trend with aging. Significant correlations were found between rate of waist to height ratio (WHtR) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.121), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.070), heart rate (r=0.080), P<0.05. Compared with the average national level, height, weight, waist circumference, heart rate of the elderly were better, and the level of the blood pressure, sit-and-reach, grip strength, eyes-closed standing on one foot were poor (P<0.05). Fitness walking, Tai Chi, running, and dancing were the major kinds of sports, which account for 91.4%of all sports. Conclusion Long-term regular sports can help the elderly improve the level of blood pressure and delay the decline of the physical function. WHtR is suitable to monitor the physical fitness level of the elderly people taking part in the regular physical activity. It is good for reduc-ing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases to improve the level of WHtR. The female elderly need to increase the activi-ties of jogging and other activities. Over-70-year-old elderly people should pay attention to control the waist. The elder-ly who are taking regular physical activities need to take targeted measures to improve blood pressure, strength, balance, flexibility indicators, in order to effectively improve the level of health.