受血者不规则抗体筛查与临床输血安全分析

目的研究受血者不规则抗体的阳性率、输血者与妊娠者阳性率差异性,以及不规则抗体的分布情况,为提高临床输血安全性提供依据。方法患者取静脉血3 ml离心,分别进行不规则抗体阳性筛查和不规则抗体的特异性鉴定,并记录输血患者与妊娠患者不规则抗体阳性率的差异。结果 8 432例患者病例中不规则抗体呈阳性者30例,阳性率0.36%。其中5 288例输血者阳性16例,阳性率0.30%,3 144例妊娠者阳性14例,阳性率0.45%,两组阳性率具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。不规则抗体阳性者筛查中非特异性抗体2例,占6.67%,特异性抗体28例,占93.33%。特异性不规则抗体的分布情况为:抗-M比率最高,占28.57%,其次是抗-D、抗-E、抗-C不规则抗体。结论不规则抗体的筛查与研究可为临床输血提供大量的事实依据,从而为临床寻找新的相合血液争取时间,能够有力地提高输血安全性。

Clinical analysis of irregular antibody screening and clinical safety of blood transfusion in blood recipients

Objective To research the positive rate of irregular antibody in blood recipients, the otherness of positive rate between blood transfusion and pregnancy, the distribution of irregular antibodies. These data can provide proofs to improve clinical safety in transfusion. Methods Three mililiter venous blood of the patients were collected and centrifuged. The irregular antibody were screened and specific of irregular antibodies were identified. The difference of positive rate of irregular antibodies between blood transfusion patients and pregnancy were recorded. Resuits The positive rate of irregular antibody in all patients was 0.36% （30/8432）. The positive rate of irregular antibody in blood transfusion patients was 0.30% （ 16/5288 ） and that in pregnancy was 0.45% （14/3144）. There was a statistical difference between the two groups （ P 〈0. 05）. There were two cases with the irregular and nonspecific antibody, accounting for 6.67% （2/30） and 28 cases with specific antibody, accounting for 93.33% （28/30）. Specific irregular distribution of antibodies were as follows. The anti - M irregular antibody was the highest, followed by anti - D, anti - E, anti - C irregular antibodies. Conclusion Researching and screening irregular antibody can provide a lot of the factual proof for the clinical transfusion, and can save time for finding the consistency blood, can improve blood transfusion safety.