某院医务人员血源性职业暴露的流行病学研究

目的掌握某院医务人员血源性职业暴露的流行病学特征。方法采用随机偶遇的方法对该院374名临床医务人员进行回顾性问卷调查。结果医务人员职业暴露后处理内容和处理流程正确率分别为54.81%（205/374）、89.84%（336/374）。 共发生血源性职业暴露174例、533例次，暴露率为46.52%(174/374)。不同科室、岗位医务人员职业暴露率比较，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；外科、儿科和内科的医务人员暴露率较高，分别为64.46%（78/121）、60.00%（18/30）和40.00%（50/125）；护士和医生暴露率较高，分别为51.52%（102/198）、47.27%（52/110）。医务人员血源性暴露时间主要集中在上午和晚上，穿刺、采血或处理物品为主要的暴露环节，暴露地点主要是病房和手术或换药室。结论该院医务人员血源性职业暴露率较高，应加强医院高危科室、人员和操作的血源性职业暴露防控措施的落实。

Epidemiological study on occupational exposure to blood among health care workers in a hospital

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological features of occupational exposure to blood among health care workers (HCWs) in a hospital.MethodsRetrospective questionnaires survey of 374 HCWs were performed by random accidental sampling method.ResultsThe correct rate of treatment contents and procedure was 54.81%（205/374） and 89.84%（336/374） respectively.174 HCWs suffered 533 times of exposures, exposure rate was 46.52%(174/374);exposure rate was significantly different among HCWs of different departments and different work locations (P＜0.05), exposure rate of HCWs in department of surgery,pediatrics,and internal medicine was 64.46%（78/121）,60.00%（18/30）,and 40.00%（50/125）respectively; the exposure rate in nurses and doctors was 51.52%(102/198) and 47.27%（52/110） respectively. The main exposure time were in the morning and evening, the main manipulation were puncture, blood withdrawal, and disposal of articles, the main locations were wards,operating rooms, and dressing rooms.ConclusionOccupational exposures in this hospital is high, the enforcement of preventive measures for occupational exposures should be enhanced.