结核病人吸烟状况调查研究

目的了解中国结核病人中吸烟的情况以及吸烟的态度和行为状况,对制定综合性控烟及结核病控制措施提供参考依据。方法随机抽取浙江、河南、吉林3个省的937例结核病人,采用横断面研究方法进行调查。结果结核病人中,男性吸烟率为79.00%,女性吸烟率为15.58%,在男性病人中,50岁组的既往吸烟率最高,为92.06%,其次是40岁年龄组,为88.81%;在女性病人中,70岁年龄组的既往吸烟率最高,为31.25%。男性病人中,下岗人员的既往吸烟率最高,为87.50%;在女性中,农民既往吸烟率最高,为26.21%。平均开始吸烟的年龄为21.33岁,最早开始吸烟的年龄为8岁,最晚开始吸烟的年龄为51岁。36.50%的吸烟者每天吸烟在10～20支之间,35.02%的吸烟者吸烟量少于10支,85.80%的结核病人认为吸烟可以提神,84.48%的人同意吸烟有害健康,45.25%的人没有戒过烟,39.41%的人曾经戒过1～2次烟,15.31%的人有过3次以上戒烟史。结论结核病人中人群既往吸烟率明显高于一般人群,应加强结核病人控烟宣传,制定结核病控制与控烟策略相结合的综合性措施,在结核病防治机构实施。

Survey of tobacco use among TB patients in Zhejiang,Henan and Jilin provinces,China

Objective To investigate the prevalence characteristics of tobacco smoking among TB patients and provide evidence for developing the integrated control strategy of TB and tobacco use.Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out for the study.Three counties each were selected from Zhejiang,Henan and Jilin provinces.We randomly choose 100 TB patients from each selected county for the survey.Results Ever smoking rates were 79.00 % and 15.58% respectively in male and female TB patients aged 15 years and over.The highest ever-smoking rate（92.06%） was found in male TB patients aged between 50 and 60 years,followed by that in male TB patients aged between 40 and 50 years（88.81%）.The highest ever-smoking rate of female TB patients occurred at the age group between 70 and 80 years old（31.25%）.In consideration of carrier,un-employed residents and farmers had the highest ever-smoking rates for male（87.50%） and female（26.21%）TB patients,respectively.The average starting age of cigarettes smoking was 21.33 years with the youngest aged 8 years and the oldest aged 51 years.36.48% of participants smoked 10-20 cigarettes and 35.02% of participants smoked less than 10 cigarettes a day on average.85.80% of smokers considered that cigarette smoking was great for concentration and for keeping them awake,and 84.60% of smokers agreed that the cigarette smoking was harmful to health.45.28% of smokers had never tried to quit smoking,39.41% of smokers had tried to quit smoking one or two times,and 15.31% of smokers had tried to quit smoking more than 3 times.Conclusion The cigarette ever-smoking rates of male and female TB patients were significantly higher than that of the general population.Health promotion on tobacco control should be carried out among TB patients and an integrated strategy of tobacco and TB control should be developed and implemented for the population in future.