云南锡矿工人肺癌高发的流行病学调查(1954～2002年)

[目的]分析云南锡矿工人职业性肺癌的流行特征，为预防与控制其高发提供科学依据。[方法]对1954-2002年矿工肺癌的发病、死亡及其相关工种和作业环境检测资料进行流行病学分析比较，评价暴露于职业环境中氡子体、砷的锡矿工职业性肺癌特征。[结果]云南锡矿的矿工暨冶炼工复合职业史男性肺癌标化死亡率高达1231．13／10^5，是当地普通男性居民肺癌标化死亡率（26．61／10^5）的46．27倍，其高发职业特征显著。作业环境中主要致肺癌危险因素砷、氡子体的暴露与肺癌发病之间存在剂量一效应关景。[结论]流行病学综合分析提示，预防和控制云南锡矿工人肺癌高发的关键是降低工作环境中的氡、砷浓度；其次是在矿工中加强戒烟教育并做好个人劳动保护。

Epidemiologic Investigation of Occupational Lung Cancer in Yunnan Tin Miners During 1954～2002

[ Objective ] To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the high incidence of occupational lung cancer in Yunnan tin miners. [ Methods ] The incidence, mortality and the occupational characteristics of lung cancer in the tin miners in Gejiu City and their working environment in the period of 1954-2002 were analyzed and assessed. The epidemiologic methods of the standardization and the correlation analysis were used for the analysis. [ Results ] The investigation showed that the mortality of lung cancer among the male miners who had a working history as a smelter was 1 231.13/10^5, it was 46.27 times higher than the mortality of the male residents in that area. There was a significant dose-effect relationship between the exposure level of arsenic and radon daughter which were widely existed in the working environment and the incidence of lung cancer. [ Conclusion ] It was suggested that to reduce the concentration of radon and arsenic in the occupational environment should he the key measure of decreasing work related lung cancer, besides, control of smoking habit in miners should he also important.