惠州市惠阳区农村饮用水卫生状况及对策探讨

目的了解惠州市惠阳区农村饮用水卫生状况,为实施农村改水提供科学依据,以达到保障农村居民饮水安全,控制介水疾病传播的目的。方法于2010年,对辖区各镇（街道）、开发区进行农村生活饮用水卫生状况（水源类型、取水方式、水质处理及饮用人口）调查,每个镇（街道）设12～15个监测点,于枯水期（1～3月）、丰水期（6～8月）,按照GB/T5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》进行水样的采集、保存和分析;按照GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》中的水质要求进行评价。结果惠阳区农村生活饮用水水质合格率较低,只有47.4%,细菌学指标超标严重。集中式供水合格率为51.6%,分散式供水合格率为35.2%,集中式供水合格率高于分散式供水,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.01,P〈0.05）。枯水期的水质合格率为59.1%,丰水期的水质合格率为35.7%,枯水期合格率高于丰水期合格率,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=18.8,P〈0.05）。结论惠州市惠阳区农村饮用水卫生状况不佳,生物污染为当前农村饮用水污染的主要卫生问题,加强饮水消毒工作是改善农村饮水卫生状况的有效措施。

Hygienic status of drinking water in rural areas of Huiyang District,Huizhou City

Objective To investigate the hygienic status of drinking water in rural areas of Huiyang District,Huizhou City,and to provide scientific basis for improving rural water supply.MethodsA survey on sanitation status including water sources,water supply methods,purification process of water and drinking population were conducted.Twelve to 15 monitoring points were established in each town（street）.The water samples were collected,detected and estimated in dry season（January to March） and flood season（June to August）.ResultsThe qualified rate of water samples was 47.4%.More samples collected from the centralized water supply system were qualified than those from decentralized water supply system（51.6% vs 35.2%,χ^2=7.01,P〈0.05）.59.1% of the water samples collected in dry season was qualified,while only 35.7% of the samples collected in flood season was qualified（χ^2=18.8,P〈0.05）.The bacteriological indicator results of the water samples were not satisfied.ConclusionThe sanitation status of drinking water is not satisfied in rural areas in Huiyang District,Huizhou City.Domestic pollution mainly lead to the drinking water pollution.Disinfection should be conducted to improve the sanitation of drinking water in rural areas.