2003-2007年灵山县人间狂犬病的流行因素分析

目的分析灵山县人间狂犬病流行及其流行因素,为政府制定防制对策提供科学依据。方法收集2003-2007年该县法定报告的狂犬病疫情流行病学个案资料及监测资料,用Excel软件分析其流行的关系。结果 2003-2007年5年共报告狂犬病85例,发病以农村为主,呈常年散发,夏、秋季较多,占71.76%（61/85）;农民和学生占80.00%（68/85）,为主要发病人群;男性多于女性,男女性别比为4.3∶1;6～15岁和32～60岁两个年龄组发病较多,占病例总数的68.24%（58/85）。报告病例的平均潜伏期为51 d,头面部咬伤的潜伏期较短（23 d）,下肢咬伤的潜伏期较长（83 d）;致伤动物主要是犬（占76.47%）,咬人犬只免疫接种率为7.06%（6/85）;农村犬只密度94.5只/100户;暴露治疗人群中,有74.12%（63/85）进行了伤口处理,27.06%（23/85）接种了疫苗,其中10.53%（4/38）已完成全程接种;5.88%（5/85）注射了抗病毒血清。结论犬只数量增加和防制工作力度不足,伤口处理不规范和疫苗全程接种率偏低是狂犬病发病流行的主要因素。规范犬只动物管理,提高其免疫率,提高暴露后人群伤口处理和免疫接种率,是狂犬病预防控制的重要措施。

Prevalence and epidemic factors of human rabies in Lingshan County,2003-2007

Objective To analyze the prevalence and epidemic factors of human rabies in Lingshan County and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies.MethodsThe epidemic data of rabies reported by Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Lingshan County during 2003 and 2007 were collected and analyzed.ResultsEighty-five cases of rabies were reported during 2003-2007.The victims were mainly sporadic.Farmers and students accounted for 80.00%（68/85） of all the cases.71.76%（61/85） of the cases occurred in summer and autumn.The number of male cases was more than that of female cases.The ratio of male patients to female patients was 4.3∶1.68.24%（58/85） of the cases were in 6-15 and 32-60 year age groups.The average incubation period was 51 days.Shorter incubation period（23 days） was observed in patients with bites on head and face,and longer incubation period（83 days） in patients with bites on legs.The majority of human rabies cases（76.47%） came from dog bites.Only 7.06% of the biting dogs received rabies vaccination.74.12%（63/85） of the patients received post-exposure wound treatment.27.06%（23/85） of the patients were vaccinated with rabies vaccine,among whom,10.53%（4/38）finished the full course of vaccination,and 5.88%（5/85）inoculated with anti-virus serum.ConclusionThe improvement of the rabies vaccination coverage among dogs and exposure population as well as the post-exposure wound treatment may contribute to the prevention and control of rabies.