长沙市青少年自杀意念与若干心理因素的相关分析

目的了解青少年自杀意念现况及其影响因素,为有针对性地采取防治措施,提高中学生心理健康水平提供依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,在长沙市抽取2216名中学生,采用自制一般情况问卷、自杀意念问卷、青少年生活事件量表和自尊量表进行调查。结果①长沙青少年自杀意念的检出率为24.2%,自杀计划的检出率为6%,自杀未遂的检出率为2.5%;②女生自杀意念发生率高于男生(χ2=34.814,P<0.01)、非独生子女的自杀意念发生率高于独生子女(χ2=5.760,P<0.05)、单亲家庭的自杀意念发生率高于非单亲家庭(χ2=17.385,P<0.01),家庭经济条件越差、家庭关系越不和睦和父母经常打骂,自杀意念发生率越高(χ2=23.215,44.442,66.915;P<0.01);③多因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响自杀意念的相关因素有性别、家庭关系情况、家庭暴力情况、生活事件总刺激量、学习压力因子、受惩罚因子、丧失因子和自尊水平。结论青少年自杀意念发生率仍较高,其危险因素有女性、非独生子女、单亲家庭、家庭经济差、家庭关系不和睦、父母经常打骂、负性生活事件以及低自尊水平。

Suicidal Ideation and correlated psychological factors in Adolescents in Changsha

Objective To investigate prevalence of suicidal ideation and its psychosocial risk factors in adolescents,so as to provide basis for prevention and intervention research.Methods A stratified cluster sampling survey was carried out with self-designed questionnaire,suicidal ideation questionnaire,adolescent self-rating life events check list（ASLEC）and self-esteem scale（SES）in 2 216 middle school students of Changsha city.Results ①In the past year,24.2% adolescents had suicide ideation,6% had made a specific plan to attempt suicide,and 2.5% actually had attempted suicide in Changsha.②The incidence of suicide ideation in the girls,non-singleton and adolescents in single-parent family,was higher than that in the boys（χ2=34.814,P0.01）,singleton（χ2=5.760,P0.05）and adolescents in non single-parent family（χ2=17.385,P0.01）.The worse the economic conditions were the more disharmonious the family relations and the more the parents＇ violence behavior were the higher the incidence of suicidal ideation was（χ2=23.215,44.442,66.915;P0.01）.③ The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that suicidal ideation were associated with sex,family relations,domestic violence situation,life events,learning stressors factor,penalty factor,loss factor and self-esteem level.Conclusion Suicide ideation is not rare in adolescents.The risk factors of suicide ideas include female,non-singleton in family,single-parent family,poor,disharmony of family member,parents＇ violence behavior,negative life events and low self-esteem.