Postembryonic development of tapeworms — source of novel phylogenetic characters for analysis of cestode evolution: comparative TEM studies |
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Authors: | Z ?widerski |
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Institution: | (1) W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 51/55 Twarda Street, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland;(2) Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Warsaw Medical University, Chalubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland |
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Abstract: | Summary Ultrastructural features of juvenile cestodes (metacestodes) can provide useful characters for phylogenetic and evolutionary
analyses. Until now, however, they have been relatively little utilised (Beveridge 2001, Chervy 2002). The postembryonic development
and structure of fully formed metacestodes were examined in two cyclophyllideans: Taenia parva Baer, 1926 (Taeniidae); and Sobolevitaenia verulamii (Mettrick, 1958) Korniushin, 1972 (Dilepididae). In T. parva, three developmental stages were recognized: (1) an early stage of exogenous budding at the surface of the central vesicle;
(2) a stage of polycephalic cyst development accompanied by segmentation of the growing metacestode strobila and an obvious
decrease in the size of the central vesicle; (3) a fully formed metacestode of the strobilocercus type with 14–24 invaginated
scoleces. The tegument, scolex, subtegumental musculature of the strobilar segments, protonephridial system, calcareous corpuscles
and medullary parenchyma of larvae exhibit general similarity to the same structures in adults at both LM and TEM levels.
The morphogenesis of the metacestode of T. parva is compared with that of polycephalic metacestodes of other Taenia spp. (T. krepkogorski, T. twitchelli and T. endothoracica) and with other asexually multiplying metacestodes (Mesocestoides vogae, hymenolepidids and dilepidids). In S. verulamii, the body of the cysticercoid with invaginated scolex armed with a double crown of rostellar hooks was completely surrounded
by the cercomer, which appears to be separated from the cyst and scolex. The surface of the suckers is covered with a thick
layer of glycocalyx. Five cell types were distinguished in the sections: (1) perikarya of metacestode tegument; (2) glycolgen-storing
parenchymal cells; (3) glandular-type cells with large, electron-dense secretory-like granules; (4) flame cells; and (5) calcareous
corpuscle-forming cells. The surface of the cercomer is covered by elongated microvilli, which evidently differ from characteristic
microtriches covering all other parts of the metacestode surface. The ultrastructure of S. verulamii evidently differs from that of the other dilepidid cestode examined to date, Lateriporus geographicus, the cyst wall of which more resembles cysticercoids of Hymenolepididae than those of Dilepididae. Concluding remarks: Ultrastructural
studies on metacestodes have considerable promise for providing important new characters for phylogenetic analysis. New TEM
data on a great variety of cestode species are urgently needed. Until now, this field has not been exploited in a systematic
fashion. Until more comprehensive studies become available, the current data are not yet amenable to analysis. |
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Keywords: | cyclophyllidean cestodes postembryonic development comparative ultrastructure of metacestodes cestode phylogeny and evolution |
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