宁河区手足口病肠道病毒检测及流行特征分析

目的了解手足口病(HFMD)病原学特点及主要流行特征,为HFMD疫情的控制和常规监测提供可靠的数据。方法选取2017年1月-2019年12月天津市宁河区医院肠道门诊及儿科住院部HFMD病例的粪便样本382份进行检测。采用实时荧光定量PCR法,对手足口病毒进行分型检测。结果 2017年1月-2019年12月宁河区HFMD年均发病率为31.83/10万;2019年发病率最高为34.00/10万;2017年发病率最低为29.25/10万。在382份粪便标本中,肠道病毒分型EV、EV71、CV-A6、CV-A10、CV-A16阳性检出率分别为15.71%、5.24%、56.81%、1.83%、20.41%,其中CV-A6型阳性率高于其他分型。男孩病毒核酸阳性检出率高于女孩,25岁的年龄段检测阳性率最高,发病高峰集中在78月和10月。结论近三年宁河区HFMD发病分型以CV-A6感染为主,多无典型临床症状,无重症病例。因HFMD主要通过呼吸道的飞沫及粪便传播,传播速度相对较快,需进一步加强辖区内HFMD检测和宣传力度,培养孩子良好的卫生习惯,减少发病患儿与他人的玩具和日常用品之间的直接接触,做到早发现、早医治、早隔离,从而减少辖区内HFMD的发病率。

Enterovirus detection and epidemic characteristics analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ninghe District

Objective To understand the etiological characteristics and main epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD),so as to provide reliable data for control and routine surveillance of HFMD. Methods From January 2017 to December 2019,382 fecal samples of HFMD cases in the Intestinal Outpatient Department and Pediatric Inpatient Department of Ninghe District Hospital in Tianjin were selected for detection. Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect HFMD virus. Results The incidence rate of HFMD in Ninghe District in January 2017 to December 2019 was 31.83/100 000,and the highest incidence rate was 34.00/100 000 in 2019. The lowest incidence rate was 29.25/100 000 in2017. In 382 stool specimens,the positive rates of EV,EV71,CV-A6,CV-A10 and CV-A16 of enterovirus typing were 15.71%,5.24%,56.81%,1.83% and 20.41%,respectively. The positive rate of CV-A6 was higher than that of other types. The positive rate of viral nucleic acid in boys was higher than that in girls. The highest positive rate was found in the age group of 2-5 years old,and the peak incidence was concentrated in July to August and October. Conclusion In the recent three years,HFMD in Ninghe District was mainly characterized by CV-A6 infection,with no typical clinical symptoms and no severe cases. Because HFMD was mainly spread through respiratory droplets and feces,the speed of transmission was relatively fast,it was necessary to further strengthen the HFMD detection and publicity in the jurisdiction area,cultivate children’s good health habits,reduce the direct contact between the sick children and other children’s toys and daily necessities,so as to achieve early detection,early treatment and early isolation,and reduce the incidence rate of HFMD in the area.