中国5岁以下儿童营养不良现状及其变化趋势的研究

目的分析中国5岁以下儿童的营养不良状况及变化趋势。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,按照东、中、西三类地区和城市、农村的分层原则,在全国选取17 607名5岁以下儿童,测量儿童的身高(长)和体重。结果2006年中国5岁以下儿童生长迟缓率为9.9%,低体重率为5.9%,消瘦率为2.2%;儿童生长迟缓率农村是城市的5.3倍,低体重率农村是城市的4.6倍,差异有显著性(P<0.05);中、西部地区儿童营养不良率显著高于东部地区(P<0.05);与2002年相比,2006年儿童生长迟缓率下降了30.8%,儿童低体重率下降了24.4%。结论中国5岁以下儿童营养不良率逐年下降,下降速度城市高于农村。西部地区农村儿童营养不良问题仍有待改善,同时中部地区农村儿童的营养不良状况也应得到充分关注。

Study on malnutrition status and changing trend of children under 5 years old in China

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the malnutrition status and change trend of the children under the age of 5 years in China, and to afford the reference information for the establishment of children nutrition related policies. METHODS: According to the classification of east, middle and west areas in China, as well as urban and rural, the multi-stage cluster probability sampling was used to select randomly total 17607 children under the age of 5 years, whose weight and height were measured by standard method. RESULTS: In Chinese children under the age of 5 years, the stunting prevalence of Chinese children under 5 years was 9.9%, the underweight prevalence was 5.9% and the wasting prevalence was 2.2%. There were significant differences of the malnutrition prevalence between the urban areas and rural areas (P < 0.05). The prevalence of stunting of rural children was 5.3 times higher than that of urban as well as the prevalence of underweight in rural was 4.6 times higher than that in urban. In the same way, the prevalence of children malnutrition in middle and west areas was significantly higher than that of the prevalence in east area (P < 0.05). In comparison with the data of Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) in 2002, the prevalence of children stunting and underweight decreased by 30.8% and 24.4% respectively in 2006. CONCLUSION: In recent years, the malnutrition prevalence of Chinese children under the age of 5 years declined yearly and the decreases of prevalence of children malnutrition in urban areas was more faster than that in rural areas. It showed that the nutrition status of the children in west areas needs more improvement and at the same time, the status of children nutrition of west area also requires more concerns.