安徽省中小学生结核病知识态度行为现状定性研究

目的评估安徽省中小学生结核病健康教育项目实施中相关群体的结核病知识态度行为及其对健康教育的需求状况，为开展有针对性的结核病健康教育，以及提出适合本地区人群的结核病防治工作策略和措施提供依据。方法按照地理特点选择安徽省望江、长丰两县作为研究现场，每县抽取4所学校（2所中学、2所小学）。采用定性研究方法，以专题小组讨论方式对两县的医务、教育工作者、学生家长及学生进行访谈。结果各类调查对象对结核病相关知识知晓情况不同，学生及家长和教育工作者对结核病的发生、传播及诊疗情况缺乏了解，而接受过培训的医务工作者总体知晓情况较好；调查对象获得结核病知识的渠道不尽相同，电视媒体及当地卫生部门发放的宣传品为主要获取途径；对结核病患者，各类调查对象均表现出一定程度的排斥心理或行为；针对学生的健康教育方式，各群体的建议较一致，大部分调查对象认为小学生较易接受播放动画等，对中学生发放宣传画及宣传册等效果较好。结论针对地区特点，应采取适合人群的不同健康教育方式，并有机整合，进一步加大力度。

Qualitative study on attitude, knowledge and practice about tuberculosis among primary and middle school student in Anhui Province

Objective To study the knowledge, attitude and practice about tuberculosis and the requirements of tuberculosis health education for primary and middle school students in Anhui Province, to conduct pertinent health education and provide reference for the strategy of tuberculosis prevention. Methods Wangjiang and Changfeng counties of Anhui were selected, and then in each county four schools （ two primary and two middle schools） were slected according to the stratified cluster sampling method. The focus group discussion were applied to the selected participants, including the students, their parents, the medical workers and the teachers. Results The awareness about tuberculosis was different in different kinds of participants. Compared with the trained medical worker, the other three groups lacked the basic knowledge of tuberculosis. There were some differences among the four groups on the channels to obtain the tuberculosis knowledge, and the media and the propaganda materials and the propaganda posters were the basic ways. Some kinds of discriminations to the tuberculosis patients existed among the four groups. Most of the participants held the same opinions about the requirements of health education. For the students of primary school, the animations were acceptable, while the students of middle school preferred the propaganda materials. Conclusion Effective health education modes should be put in terms of different demands of people, and the health education contents should be enriched as well.