上海市城区学龄前儿童屈光发育现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解上海市城区学龄前儿童屈光不正的患病率,分析学龄前儿童屈光不正的影响因素,以采取相应措施,促进其视力健康发育。方法 选取2016年2-7月上海市城区在园学龄前儿童,采取整群随机抽样的方法抽取3家托幼机构的641名学龄前儿童作为研究对象。采用SureSight视力筛查仪进行屈光筛查,并对儿童日常生活状况进行问卷调查,对各种屈光不正可能影响因素进行统计分析。结果 本次研究共发放调查表641份,收回有效问卷604份。发现异常人数63名,异常率为10.4%。3～、4～、5～、6～＜7 岁四个年龄组的异常率分别为7.5%、8.9%、 11.6%、12.5%。屈光不正单因素分析学龄前儿童屈光不正患病率与孕期保胎治疗、新生儿异常情况、母亲学历、膳食因素、每日户外运动时间、每日总睡眠时间等因素有关(P＜0.05),将以上影响因素均纳入两分类Logistic回归模型,结果显示,母孕期无保胎治疗、儿童每天户外活动时间≥1 h及儿童每天总睡眠时间≥8 h是儿童屈光不正的保护因素。结论 上海市区学龄前儿童的屈光不正情况受到多种因素包括不良生活习惯的影响,应引起社会重视,并采取有效干预措施保护儿童视力发育。

Study on the status of refractive development and its influence factors among preschool children in urban area of Shanghai city

Objective To understand the ametropia rate of preschool children in urban area of Shanghai city and related influencing factors of ametropia,and take corresponding measures to promote the development of the vision health. Methods From February to July of 2016,641 preschool children in 3 kindergartens in urban area of Shanghai city were randomly selected as the research objects.Refraction screening was performed with suresight vision screening instrument.The daily life conditions of children were surveyed by a questionnaire,and analyze related influencing factors of ametropia. Results Screening of 641 preschool children,received 604 valid questionnaire.63children were abnormal,with a rate of 10.4%.The abnormal rates for the age group of 3～,4～,5～ and 6～ ＜7 years old were 7.5%,8.9%,11.6%and 12.5%,respectively.The study found that the ametropia rate of preschool children was related to treatment in pregnancy,abnormal in newborn,mather'education,diet,daily outdoor activity time and daily sleep time(P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that non-treatment in pregnancy,outdoor activity time more than 1hour every day and daily sleep time more than 8 hours was a protective factor of children with the ametropia. Conclusion The ametropia of preschool children in urban area of Shanghai is affected by a variety of factors including bad habits in daily life,which should be paid more attention to,and effective intervention measures targeting to related factors should be taken to protect visual development of children.