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Tobacco consumption,opium use,alcohol drinking and the risk of esophageal cancer in North Khorasan,Iran |
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| Authors: | Seyed-Javad Pournaghi Seyed Kaveh Hojjat Farhad Barazandeh Noveyri Hamid Tavakkoli Ghouchani Ali Ahmadi Andishe Hamedi |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran;2. Addiction and Behavioral Research Center, Department of Psychiatrics, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran;3. Department of Health Education and Promotion, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd, Iran;4. Modeling in Health Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran;5. Department of Public Health, School of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran |
| Abstract: | Background: There are some unique epidemiological characteristics of esophageal cancer in Iran. The objective of this study was finding the association between tobacco, substance and alcohol using with the risk of esophageal cancer in North Khorasan, Iran. Methods: This Case-Control study was carried out on 96 patients with esophageal cancer and 187 controls. Controls were matched to cases by age and sex. Data were collected through structured interview. Data were analyzed by using chi-square test, T-test and logistic regression, in Stata software version 12. Results: Our findings show Hookah smoking [OR = 6.1(CI95%:1.2–13.1)] and opium consumption [OR = 2.1(CI95%:1.2–3.5)] were associated with esophageal cancer. Cigarette and pipe smoking, age of onset of smoking, duration of smoking, number of smoking per day, leaving history of smoking, years of leaving smoking, drug withdrawal, number of times of drug withdrawal, a history of drug relapse, alcohol consumption and alcohol dose–response were not related to esophageal cancer. Conclusion: According to our results, hookah smoking and opium consumption enhance the risk of esophageal cancer in North Khorasan of Iran. We suggest appropriate planning to prevent the esophageal cancer in this district. |
| Keywords: | Esophageal neoplasm smoking substance use alcohol drinking |