BU-CTX2预处理方案异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病60例

目的：评价BU－CTX2预处理方案异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT)治疗60例白血病的长期疗效。方法：1994年4月至2000年8月60例白血病患者接受了allo-HSCT，其中急性髓系白血病（AML）20例，急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）15例，慢性髓系白血病（CML）25例。53名供者系HLA完全相合同胞，4名为HLA 1个主要位点不合同胞，3名为HLA完全相合无关供者。用BU－CTX2方案预处理，用环孢菌素A＋甲氨蝶呤(54例）或甲泼尼龙（6例）预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。结果：60例均植活。22例（36．7％）发生急性GVHD，其中CML组为48．0％，AML组30．0％，ALL组则为26．7％。中位随访时间24（9－24）个月，38例仍无白血病生存，22例（36．7％）死亡，其中1例死于肺部感染，3例死于急性GVHD，7例死于巨细胞病毒感染，11例死于白血病复发，其中AML3例（15．0％），ALL8例（53．3％）。8例ALL均于移植早期复发死亡。4例ALL长期生存者均发生慢性GVHD。3年无病生存（DFS）率为63．3％），其中CML组为80．0％，AML组70．0％，ALL组则为26．7％。结论：BU－CTX2为AML和CML的有效预处理方案，白血病复发率低，长期生存率高，而作为ALL的预处理方案则白血病复发率较高，提示BU－CTX2不适合作为ALL首选预处理方案。

BU-CTX2 as conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in sixty patients with leukemia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of 60 leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) prepared with busulphan-cyclophosphamide (BU-CTX(2)) conditioning regimen. METHODS: From April 1994 to August 2000, 60 leukemia patients (35 male, 25 female; median age 32 years old), including 20 acute myeloid leukemia (AML, CR(1) n = 19, CR(2) n = 1), 15 acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, CR(1) n = 8, CR(2) n = 6, CR(3) n = 1), and 25 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, CP(1) n = 24, CP(2) n = 1) received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells from HLA-identical siblings (n = 53), 1-locus mismatched siblings (n = 4), or HLA-identical unrelated donor (n = 3). BU-CTX(2) was used as conditioning regimen. All patients received cyclosporine A and either methotrexate (n = 54) or methylprednisolone (n = 6) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. RESULTS: All 60 patients got sustained engraftment. Acute GVHD (aGVHD) occurred in 22 patients (36.7%), while the incidence of aGVHD was 48.0% for the CML, 30.0% for the AML and 26.7% for the ALL patients. Thirty-eight patients are still alive in complete remission with a median follow-up of 30 (12 approximately 84) months and 22 died. The main causes of death were aGVHD in 3, CMV-IP in 7, and relapse in 11 patients. The remaining one died of pulmonary infection. Among 11 patients who died of relapse, 8 were ALL relapsed in the early posttransplant stage. All 4 long-term survivors of ALL developed chronic GVHD. The probability of DFS at 3 year for CML, AML and ALL patients was 80.0%, 70.0% and 26.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: BU-CTX(2) is an effective conditioning regimen for patients with AML and CML, resulting in a low relapse and high long-term survival rate. However, it is not effective enough for patients with ALL, because of a higher incidence of relapse.