肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的：了解肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染的临床分布及药敏特征，为临床经验性用药提供依据。方法回顾性分析安徽省铜陵市人民医院2008年1月至2013年12月间由肺炎克雷伯菌所致血流感染病例的临床及微生物学资料。结果71例患者入选，前3位临床分布科室为感染科、ICU及肿瘤科，前3位基础疾病依次为肺部感染、恶性肿瘤、胆道感染及糖尿病；所分离的71株肺炎克雷伯菌产超广谱β内酰胺酶检出率为33．8％，其中34例医院获得性感染病例产超广谱β内酰胺酶菌株检出率为52．9％，37例社区获得性感染病例产超广谱β内酰胺酶菌株检出率为16．2％，医院感染病例产超广谱β内酰胺酶菌株检出率明显高于社区感染病例（χ2＝10．680， P＜0．05）；71株肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南均无耐药，对阿米卡星、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、头孢西丁、头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦及哌拉西林／他唑巴坦耐药率较低（＜20％）；医院感染菌株对哌拉西林、阿莫西林／克拉维酸、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、氨苄西林／舒巴坦、替卡西林／克拉维酸、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、头孢唑啉、头孢哌酮、头孢呋辛、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟及氨曲南的耐药率均较社区感染菌株高；产超广谱β内酰胺酶菌株对除亚胺培南、美罗培南及氨苄西林外其他20种抗菌药物的耐药率均较非产超广谱β内酰胺酶菌株高。结论肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染常合并有严重基础疾病；血标本中所分离的肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、阿米卡星、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、头孢西丁、头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦及哌拉西林／他唑巴坦耐药率较低；医院获得性肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染产超广谱β内酰胺酶菌株检出率较高，产超广谱β内酰胺酶分离株对多数抗菌药物的耐药率均较非产超广谱β内酰胺酶菌株高。

Analysis of clinical distribution and drug resistance of bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae

Objective To study the clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance of bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae .Methods Patients with bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in Tongling People's Hospital in Anhui province from January 2008 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.Results A total of 71 cases were found with bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, the top three clinical distribution departments were infectious diseases department, ICU and oncology de-partment, and the top three complications were pulmonary infection, malignant tumor, biliary tract infection as well as diabetes mellitus. There were 24 strains of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, accounting for 33.8%among 71 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the blood samples, in which 18 (52.9%) strains of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae among 34 hospital acquired infection cases and 6 ( 1 6 .2%) strains of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae among 3 7 community acquired infection cases;the positive rate of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains among hospital acquired infection cases was significantly higher than that of community acquired in-fection cases(χ2 =10.680, P=0.05).Among 71 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, no imipenem or meropenem-resistant isolate was found, and the resistance rates to amikacin, levofloxacin, ciprofIoxacin, cefoxitin, cefepime, cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam were low(<20%) .The resistance rates of stains isolated from hospital acquired infection cases to piperaeillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cef-operazone/sulbactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, ticareillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefuroxime, ceftazi-dime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and aztreonam were significantly higher than those of stains isolated from community acquired infection cases. The resistance rates of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains to 20 antimicrobial agents, excepted imipenem, meropenem and ampi-cillin, were significantly higher than those of ESBLs non-producing ones.Conclusion Bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella pneu-moniae tend to develop from serious complications.The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from blood samples to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, levofloxacin, ciprofIoxacin, cefoxitin, cefepime, cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam are low.The positive rate of ESBLs-producing strains is higher in isolates from hospital acquired bloodstream infections, and ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates are highly resistant to most antimicrobial agents.