极低出生体重儿智力发育的追踪研究

【目的】　动态研究极低出生体重儿的智力发育。　【方法】　根据儿童不同的年龄段 ,采用新版K式发育检查 (新版K式 )和韦克斯勒儿童智力发育量表 (Wppsi和Wisc R)对 176名极低出生体重儿在矫正 18个月、3岁和实足 5岁、8岁时进行智力跟踪检查。　【结果】　①在矫正 18个月时有 97名、矫正 3岁时有 10 3名、5岁时有 72名、8岁时有 30名极低出生体重儿接受智力检查。 176名儿童初诊时的智力水平为 87.5 6± 15 .78。②初诊时 ,智力正常者共 10 1名 ,占 5 7.38% ;临界和迟滞者共占 36 .93 %。在不同的年龄阶段智力障碍的发病率有所不同 ,矫正 18个月时临界状态及智力障碍分别为 31.96 %和 8.2 4%、矫正 3岁时分别为 33 .0 1%和 11.6 5 %、5岁时分别为 30 .5 6 %和 2 7.77%、8岁时分别为 2 0 .0 0 %和 10 .0 0 %。③在智力成分中 ,3岁以内 (含 )儿童的言语性与非言语性智力水平无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 ) ;5岁以后 (含 )儿童的言语性智力则明显低于非言语性智力水平 (P <0 .0 1)。　【结论】　极低出生体重儿由于在生理解剖上的先天不足 ,可能会导致此类儿童智力发育上不同程度的障碍 ,其智力水平较正常儿童为低。而且由于学龄儿童的言语性智力水平明显低于非言语性智力水平 ,可能会导致极出生低体重儿以后

Evaluation of Intelligence Development of Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

【Objective】 To evaluate intelligence development of very low birth weight infants. 【Methods】 According to their ages,we used new edition of K type development test (new edition of K type) or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children(Wppsi and Wisc-R) to assess 176 very low birth weight in&ants' intelligence when their corrected ages were 18 months,3 years,5 years, and 8 years. 【Results】 ①There were 97 very low birth weight infants attendingour test when their corrected age was 18 months,and 103,72,30 children accepted the test at the age of 3,5,8 years respectively. The 176 children' s average IQ was 87.56 ± 15.78 when they attended the test at first time.②The rates of mental retardation differed among different ages. At the corrected age of 18 months,the rates of edge retrdation and retardation were 31.96% and 8.24% respectively,33.01% and 11.65% respectively at 3 years,30.56% and 27.77% at 5 years and 20.00% and 10.00% at 8 years. ③There was no difference between verbal IQ and non-verbal IQ among≤3 years old children( P ＞ 0.05); As to ≥ 5 years old chidren, verbal IQ was less than non-verbal IQ ( P ＜ 0.01 ).【Conclnsions】 Because of their congenital deficiency in physiology and anatomy, the very low birth weight infant's intelligence might not develop well at some degrees. And the school-age children's deficiency in verbal intelligence as compared with non-verbal irtelligence mig ht cause their difficulties in school learning in the future.