四川省新型冠状肺炎是否共病基础疾病患者的流行病学特征比较

目的 分析四川省新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的流行病学特征，比较是否共病基础疾病患者的流行病学特征差异。方法 对截至2020年3月1日传染病监测系统中报告的四川省确诊病例开展流行病学调查，描述疫情的总体流行特征，将患者分为合并及未合并基础疾病组，分析比较两组的流行病学特征。结果 共纳入确诊患者538例，其中合并基础疾病组175例。合并组前五位均为慢性基础疾病，分别为高血压、糖尿病、慢性肝病、慢性肺炎及慢阻肺和心脑血管疾病。与非基础疾病的患者相比，具有基础疾病的患者平均年龄更大（t = 2.823，P = 0.031），出现肌痛、腹泻或其他胃肠道症状的比例更高（P＜0.05），重症和危重症比例更高（Z = 2.682，P = 0.007），平均住院时间更长（U = 5.532，P = 0.021），病死率更高（χ2 = 6.258，P＜0.05），但在性别、临床症状（发烧、干咳和肺炎）、发病到确诊时间、症状持续时间和病例来源无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。从职业分布来看，农民、家务及待业者占比最多，患基础性疾病的比例更高（P＜0.05）。结论 高血压病、糖尿病等慢性基础疾病可能为新型冠状病毒肺炎的易感因素，合并基础疾病的患者重症及危重症患者比例更高，平均住院时间更长。农民、家务及待业者二类职业人群应给与更多关注。

Comparison of epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients with or without comorbidities in Sichuan Province

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Sichuan Province and compare the differences in epidemiological characteristics of patients with or without co-morbid underlying diseases. Methods Epidemiological investigation was carried out among the confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in the infectious disease surveillance system in Sichuan Province as of March 1, and the overall epidemiological characteristics were described. The patients were divided into the combined and uncombined underlying diseases group, and the differences in epidemiological characteristics between the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 538 patients were included, including 175 patients in the combined underlying disease group. The top five in the combined group were all basic chronic diseases: hypertension, diabetes, chronic liver disease, chronic pneumonia, COPD and chronic pneumonia, cardiovas-cular and cerebrovascular diseases. Compared with patients with non-underlying diseases, patients with underlying diseases were older on average(t=2.823, P=0.031), more likely to develop myalgia, diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms(P<0.05), had a higher proportion of patients with severe diseases(Z=2.682,P=0.007), the average length of stay was longer(U=5.532, P<0.05) and a higher mortality(χ2=6.258, P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in terms of gender, clinical symptoms(fever, dry cough and pneumonia), time from onset to diagnosis, duration of symptoms and source of cases(P>0.05).In terms of occupational distribution, farmers, domestic and non-working people were the most represented and had a higher percentage of underlying diseases(P<0.05). Conclusion Chronic underlying diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus may be susceptibility factors for COVID-19, and patients with combined underlying diseases have a higher proportion of severe and critically ill patients and longer mean hospital stay. More attention should be paid to the occupational groups of farmers, homemakers and unemployed population.