2018年河南省中小学生视力状况和屈光状态分析

目的 了解河南省中小学生视力情况和屈光状态分布，为制定青少年视力不良防控政策及措施提供科学依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法，在河南省17个县区抽取中小学生41 206人，分别对其进行裸眼远视力和非睫状肌麻痹下台式自动电脑验光屈光度检测。结果 2018年河南省中小学生视力不良检出率72.51%，近视检出率57.82%，视力不良学生中近视检出率79.74%；视力不良检出率为城市学生(74.30%)高于农村学生(69.92%)(〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=95.811,P<0.001)，女生(77.00%)高于男生(68.39%)(〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=383.050,P<0.001)，随学段的升高而升高(61.56%<81.00%<87.80%)(〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=2 795.203,P<0.001)；屈光状态分析中，相同学段学生，右眼近视屈光度构成比略高于左眼，不同学段学生左右眼中，高度近视屈光度构成比的增高幅度最大(10倍左右)；随着年级的增高，中重度视力不良和中高度近视构成比都在增加，且在各个年级中，重度视力不良构成比都远高于高度近视。结论 河南省中小学生视力状况不容乐观，应采取针对性的干预措施，有效预防学生视力问题的发生。

Vision and refractive status among primary and secondary school students in Henan, 2018

To obtain the distribution of vision and refractive status of primary and secondary school students inHenan Province，and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of poor eyesight of juveniles. Methods 41 206students from 17 districts in Henan Province were selected by stratified cluster random sampling for naked visual acuity，eyeposition and refractive status examination. Ｒesults The detection rate of poor vision among Henan students was 72. 51% ，andof myopia was 57. 82%. The detection rate of myopia among poor vision students was 79. 74%. The rates of poor vision werehigher in urban ( 74. 30% ) areas than those in rural areas ( 69. 92% ) ( χ2 = 95. 811，P ＜ 0. 001) ，girls’( 77. 00% ) thanboys’( 68. 39% ) ( χ2 = 383. 050，P ＜ 0. 001) ，and increased with the raise of school period ( 61. 56% ＜ 81. 00% ＜ 87. 80% )( χ2 = 2 795. 203，P ＜ 0. 001) . The myopia refraction constituent ratio of right eyes was a little higher than that of left eyes.Among students of different periods，the largest increase in the constituent ratio of refractive diopter was high myopia ( almost10 times) . The constituent ratio of moderative or severe poor vision and myopia were both increased with grade increased，andamong different grades，the constituent ratios of severe poor vision were all higher than high myopia. Conclusion The statusof vision among students in Henan is not optimistic. Much more targeted measures should be taken to prevent the eyesightproblem from developing.