中国共病老年人社会隔离流行状况及影响因素

目的 了解中国共病老年人社会隔离流行状况并分析其影响因素。方法 本研究利用中国老年社会追踪调查（CLASS）数据，该调查采用多层、多阶段概率抽样方法，于2014年8月—10月对全国28个省市覆盖的134个县区的462个村/居委会中11 511位年龄≥60岁的老年人应用健康自评得分、简易精神状态量表（MMSE）、老化态度问卷、社会网络量表进行调查并对调查数据进行χ2检验、二分类logistic回归分析。结果 中国共病老年人社会隔离检出率为39.1%，城市老年人社会隔离检出率36.3%，农村老年人社会隔离检出率为42.4%，农村检出率高于城市(χ2 = 19.386，P＜0.05)；在60~74岁、75~89岁、90岁及以上三个年龄组中，社会隔离检出率分别为36.8%、42.9%、55.7%，检出率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(χ2 = 24.351，P趋势＜0.001)。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示，婚姻状况、文化程度、健康自评、认知功能、老化态度、近一年经历负性生活事件、社区是否有棋牌麻将室、社会参与（近三个月参加环境卫生保护活动、参加陪同聊天活动、参加调节纠纷活动）是中国共病老年人社会隔离的影响因素(P＜0.05)。结论 中国共病老年人社会隔离检出率高，农村、高龄尤应受关注，良好的健康状况和社会关系网络能够降低社会隔离。

Prevalence and the influence factors of social isolation among the comorbidity elderly in China

To explore the prevalence and influence factors of social isolation among the comorbidity elderly in China. Methods In this study, we used the data of Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(CLASS) which adopted multilevel and multi-stage probability sampling method. A total of 11 511 elderly people aged 60 or over were selected from 134 counties, districts and 462 villages from August to October 2014. They were surveyed using questionnaires including health self-assessment scores, the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE), the Attitude Toward Aging questionnaire, and social network scale. The data were analyzed by χ2 test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results The detection rate of social isolation among the comorbidity elderly was 39.1%, with 36.3% in the urban area and 42.4% in the rural area(χ2=19.386, P<0.05). In the three age groups of 60-74, 75-89, and 90 years and above, the detection rates of social isolation were 36.8%,42.9%, and 55.7%, respectively, with an increasing trend with age(χ2=24.351, Ptrend<0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that marriage status, education level, self-assessment of health, cognitive function, aging attitude, negative events in the past year, chess and mahjong room in the community or not, social participation(participating in environmental protection activities, accompany chat activities and dispute settlement activities in the past three months) were the influence factors of social isolation(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of social isolation among the comorbidity elderly is high, especially those in rural areas and at advanced age. Better health and social relations can reduce social isolation.