江西省婴幼儿谷类辅食中14种元素污染状况调查

目的 了解江西省市售婴幼儿谷类辅食中14种元素的污染状况，为食品相关部门的监管提供参考。方法 主要采集本地产婴幼儿食品，采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法进行测定；按照《食品安全国家标准 婴幼儿谷类辅助食品》（GB 10769-2010）和《关于发布婴幼儿米粉食品中镉的临时限量值的公告》对检测结果进行卫生学评价。结果 共监测122份样品，铅和砷合格率为100%，镉合格率为99.2%。14种元素均有检出，其中砷、铜、硒、镍、锰和钡的检出率均为100%，锂元素的检出率最低。各元素的含量范围为0.0015～14.1mg/kg，其中锰的平均含量最高（5.85mg/kg），其次为铝和铜，其他元素含量均较低。结论 江西省市售婴幼儿谷类辅食中元素污染总体水平较低，但目前限量指标较少，有必要进一步完善相关标准，确保婴幼儿食品安全。

Pollution survey on 14 elements in cereal-based complementary foods for infants and young children in Jiangxi province

Objective To understand the contamination status and pathogenic characteristics of food-borne pathogens in ready-to-eat products of rice and wheat in Guizhou province. Methods 1 128 samples of ready-to-eat products of rice and wheat were collected from 88 counties(cities or districts) of Guizhou province from 2014 to 2019. Five kinds of food-borne pathogens were detected according to the national food safety standards. The enterotoxin genes and protein of Staphylococcus aureus were detected by qPCR and ELISA. While the virulence genes of Bacillus cereus were detected by using common PCR method.Results Food-borne pathogens were detected in 130 of 1 128 samples, with a detection rate of 11.52%. Including B. cereus 7.71%, S. aureus 3.10%, Salmonella 0.27%, Listeria monocytogenes 0.44%. No diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was detected. Among 35 S. aureus isolates, 65.71% carried enterotoxin gene and 54.29% were positive for enterotoxin protein. 87 B. cereus isolates carried at least two virulence genes, while 29.88% carried hblACD and nheABC at the same time.Conclusion There are many kinds of food-borne pathogens in ready-to-eat products of rice and wheat in Guizhou province. The pollution rates of B. cereus and S. aureus with multiple virulence genes are high. There is a great risk of foodborne illness, supervision department should strengthen the management of the processing and production of ready-to-eat products of rice and wheat.