住院患者静脉输液认知状况调查及现状分析

目的 通过发放静脉输液认知状况调查表,调查重庆地区住院患者静脉输液相关知识知晓情况.方法 我院静脉输液治疗小组根据静脉输液相关指南设计住院患者静脉输液认知状况问卷调查表,采取德尔菲(Delphi)专家咨询法修订完善问卷调查表,采用抽签法抽取重庆地区21所不同级别医院发放调查表2 000份,有效回收1 840份.结果 患者对静脉输液相关知识20个项目的总分为(53.65±20.45)分,得分低的项目为拔针后针眼沾水及热敷的时间、药物不良反应、拔针后的正确按压方法、静脉输液工具的选择原则、静脉炎的预防方法5个项目.分组比较情况:①不同年龄分组比较,患者相关知识掌握情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).其中18~40岁组与41~60岁组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);18~40岁组与61~80岁组、41~60岁组与61~80岁组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).②不同文化程度的分组比较,患者相关知识掌握情况差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).其中小学组与中学组、小学组与大学组、中学组与大学组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).③不同级别医院分组比较,患者相关知识掌握情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3级医院组与2级医院组、3级医院组与1级医院组、2级医院组与1级医院组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).④首次与多次接受静脉输液治疗患者比较,相关知识掌握情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).⑤城镇与农村患者分组比较,相关知识的掌握情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 重庆地区住院患者对静脉输液治疗相关知识总体掌握情况差,60岁以上患者、低学历患者、低级别医院患者、首次输液患者相关知识掌握情况更差,提示护理人员应针对静脉输液所涉及的相关知识制定规范化的健康教育方案,同时针对不同人群进行个体化宣教,提高患者静脉输液知识水平,做好静脉输液的自我护理,达到降低静脉输液风险的目的.

Investigation and present condition analysis on the venous transfusion recognition of inpatients

Objective To investigate the related knowledge recognition to the venous transfusion of inpatients in the area of Chongqing by releasing the recognition questionnaire form of venous transfusion.Methods The venous transfusion treatment team of our hospital designed the questionnaire form of the venous transfusion recognition condition of inpatients according to the related guide.Delphi expert consultation method was used to revise and consummate the questionnaire form.In addition,picking method was used to release 2 000 questionnaire forms to 21 different levels of hospital in Chongqing,and 1 840 copies were returned.Results The total score of the related knowledge of 20 items to the venous transfusion of patients was (53.65±20.45).The items that had low score were the time of needle eye with water and hot compress after the withdrawal of needles,adverse drug reaction and correct pressing method after withdrawal of needles,selection principle of venous transfusion tool and precaution of phlebitis.The comparison of groups: ①With the grouping comparison at different ages,the comparison difference of the related knowledge acquisition of patients had statistical significance(P<0.05),of which the difference had no statistical significance for the comparison in the groups of 18~40 years old and 41~60 years old(P>0.05).The difference had statistical significance for the comparison in the groups of 18~40 years old,61~80 years old,41~60 years old and 61~80 years old(P<0.05).②For the grouping comparison of different degrees of education,the difference of the related knowledge acquisition of patients had statistical significance(P<0.05),of which the difference had statistical significance for the grouping comparison of primary school-middle school,primary school-university and middle school-university(P<0.05).③For the grouping comparison of hospitals at different levels,the difference of the related knowledge acquisition of patients had statistical significance.For the grouping comparison third-class school and second-class school,third-class school and first-class school,second-class school and first-class school,and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).④For the comparison of patients receiving venous transfusion treatment for the first time and for many times,the difference had statistical significance to the comparison of related knowledge acquisition(P<0.05).⑤ For the grouping comparison of urban and village patients,the difference had no statistical significance for the comparison of related knowledge acquision(P>0.05).Conclusions The general related knowledge acquisition of inpatients to venous transfusion treatment is poor in the region of Chongqing.The related knowledge acquisition of patients who are more than 60 years old,education background is low,patients in low-class hospital and have transfusion for the first time is worse,indicating that nursing personnel should formulate normalized health education scheme aimed at the related knowledge involved in venous transfusion.Meanwhile,individualization propaganda and education should be conducted to different crowds to improve the knowledge level of venous transfusion for the patients.In addition,the self-care of venous transfusion should be conducted well to reduce the risk of venous transfusion.