陕南某县农村6~24月龄婴幼儿生长发育的调查研究

目的 探讨陕南某贫困县6~24月龄婴幼儿生长发育状况影响因素,为提高贫困地区婴幼儿健康水平,制定出合理的膳食方案提供科学依据.方法 2016年6至9月采用整群分层随机抽样方法对920名调查对象进行问卷调查及身高、体重体格测量.结果 随着月龄的增加,婴幼儿的生长发育不良发生率增高.6~24月龄男性婴幼儿低体重率高于女性婴幼儿(χ2=17.0,P<0.05),而男性婴幼儿消瘦率、超重率、肥胖率、生长发育迟缓率均低于女性婴幼儿(χ2值分别为8.0、14.0、4.0、11.0,均P<0.05).早产、低出生体重、婴幼儿出生两周呼吸系统疾病及腹泻、父母文化程度低、父母职业为农民、家庭总收入低等,都是婴幼儿低体重、生长发育迟缓,消瘦发生的危险因素.结论 陕南贫困农村地区6~24月龄婴幼儿存在比较严重生长发育迟缓问题,应提高农村地区儿童保健服务能力和儿童喂养知识水平.各级卫生医疗机构应该加强对婴幼儿的关注,减少婴幼儿生长发育不良的发生率.

Growth and development of 6-24 month infants in a countryside of Shaanxi Province

Objective To explore the influencing factors of growth and development of 6-24 months infants in a poverty-stricken county in southern Shaanxi Province so as to provide scientific evidence for improving health level and making reasonable dietary scheme for infants in poverty-stricken area.Methods From June to September in 2016, stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct questionnaire survey in 920 infants, and their height and weight were measured.Results With the increase of month age, retarded growth rate of infants was higher.The underweight rate of male infants aged 6-24 months was higher than that of female infants (χ2=17.0,P<0.05), but weight lose rate, overweight rate, obesity rate and delay rate were lower (χ2 value was 8.0, 14.0, 4.0 and 11.0, respectively, all P<0.05).Premature birth, low birth weight, diseases of respiratory system and diarrhea within two weeks after birth, low educational level of parents, parents' profession of peasants, and low family income were the risk factors of low weight, retarded growth and emaciation of infants.Conclusion The problem of retarded growth of infants aged 6-24 months in poverty-stricken areas of Shaanxi Province is serious, so child health care service and feeding knowledge need to be enhanced.Health agencies at all levels should strengthen attention to infants so as to reduce retarded growth rate in infants.