护生骨质疏松症知识和健康信念的调查分析

目的 调查护生骨质疏松症知识和健康信念现状及特点,为护理院校进行骨质疏松症的教育提供依据.方法 采用方便抽样的方法,在2016年4~5月在苏州某卫生学院的护理专业学生中,从每个年级随机选取4个班级进行调查.使用骨质疏松症知识和健康信念问卷,对619名护生进行调查.结果 619名护生骨质疏松症知识及危险因素、运动、摄钙知识的知晓率分别为56.40%、51.31%、58.70%、61.39%;不同性别和年级护生之间的知识得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性高于男性,三年级>二年级>一年级.护生对骨质疏松症严重性、运动益处、摄钙益处、运动障碍、摄钙障碍的认知均分分别为(2.82±0.78)分、(3.80±0.80)分、(3.43±0.66)分、(3.48±0.75)分、(3.34±0.67)分;不同性别和年级护生在部分维度的健康信念得分上比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),如女护生的摄钙阻碍感得分比男护生高,三年级护生对骨质疏松症严重性的认知得分和运动阻碍感得分均比一、二年级护生高.结论 护生的骨质疏松知识及健康信念有待改善,护理院校可结合具体情况有针对性地开展骨质疏松症知识和信念的教育.

Investigation and study on the knowledge about osteoporosis and health beliefs of nursing students

Objective To investigate the status and characteristics of knowledge about osteoporosis and health beliefs of nursing students to provide evidence for education about osteoporosis of nursing school.Methods Students of nursing major from 4 classes in each grade of a certain health college in Suzhou from April to May,2016 were randomly selected and investigated through convenient sampling method.And Knowledge about osteoporosis and Health Belief Questionnaire was employed to investigate 619 nursing students.Results The awareness rate about osteoporosis knowledge,risk factors,exercises,knowledge about calcium intake of 619 nursing students were respectively 56.40%,51.31%,58.70% and 61.39% respectively.There were statistical significances about the differences in terms of scores for knowledge of students of different gender and in different grades(P<0.05).The scores for knowledge of the female was higher than that of the male and the scores for knowledge of students in higher grade were higher than that of students in lower grade.The average awareness score for seriousness of osteoporosis and benefits of exercises,benefits of calcium intake,barriers to exercises and barriers to calcium intake were respectively(2.82±0.78)points,(3.80±0.80)points,(3.43±0.66)points,(3.48±0.75)points and(3.34±0.67)points.There were statistical significances about the differences in terms of scores for health belief at certain dimension of nursing students of different gender and in different grades(P<0.05).For example,the sense of barriers for calcium intake of female students were higher than that of the male students,and the awareness of the seriousness of osteoporosis and the sense of barriers for exercises of the students in third grade was higher than that of the students in the first and second grade.Conclusions Nursing students' knowledge about osteoporosis and health beliefs need to be improved.Nursing school should carry out the education for knowledge about osteoporosis and health beliefs with target based on the concrete condition.