"神舟"五号和六号航天员医疗保障的特点及其救护对策研究

目的 探讨我国“神舟”五号和“神舟”六号航天员医疗保障的特点及其救护对策，为野战及灾害等特殊环境中的医学应急救援提供参考。方法回顾国内外有关载人航天航天员已经发生的意外伤害资料，结合“神舟”四号的卫勤保障及“神舟”五号、“神舟”六号航天员的医疗保障经验，针对特殊野外环境，提出系列的组织、预案、设备配置以及有效的救治方案，并在实战中加以检验。结果针对航天员可能发生意外伤害的医疗救护，创新地把两个高质量的重症监护治疗病房（ICU）前移至两架航天医疗救护直升机上，把可以进行各种抢救和手术的仪器设备设计在航天员运输车上。这3个可快速机动的ICU，可以全天候地在草原上、沙漠里大范围机动，确保意外情况下航天员的安全。创造了反应速度第一和技术装备第一。航天员意外伤害的医疗救护方案科学、合理、实用，适合野战环境。结论航天员主着陆场区医疗救护的方案、设备配置、营救模式以及组织实施，为野战及灾害等特殊环境中的医学应急救援提供了较为先进的模式。

Characteristic of medical support and health care for Shenzhou-5 and Shenzhou-6 astronauts at main landing site

Objective To investigate the characteristics of medical support and health care for the Shenzhou - 5 and Shenzhou - 6 astronauts at the main landing site, with special emphasis on the technical requirements for two astronauts during flight, in order to provide reference data for medical support in the battle field and disasters. Methods The data associated with accidental injuries of astronauts during the space flight collected from foreign nations and domestically were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the experience in medical support for Shenzhou - 5 and Shenzhou - 6 astronauts and the special environments of field operations, a scheme for first - aid and emergent treatment were drafted for a system of organization, prophylactic measurements, equipments and their effective implementation pending the test in the real situation. Results Two sets of high - quality intensive care unit (ICU) equipment were set up in helicopters, and an ambulance was equipped with the instruments and facilities that could be used in the first - aid and surgical operation in case accident and injuries should happen. The three sets of highly mobile ICU mentioned above could cover a vast area of both grassland and desert at the landing site to ensure that the astronauts could be rescued should accident occur, reaction to emergency would be most rapid and technique and equipment would be best. This scheme of first - aid for emergency which might occur in astronauts would seem to be a scientific, reasonable and practical system and would also meet the need in battle field. Conclusion The first - aid scheme for astronauts at the main landing site, and its equipments, first aid strategies as well as it execution might provide an advanced system for medical aid and emergency treatment in the battle field, disasters, and other special occasions.