儿童受虐量表的编制及信度和效度分析

目的 编制一套符合我国文化背景的儿童受虐量表.由儿童自评,对其受虐的程度作出定量评估,为研究儿童受虐提供一个可操作的量化工具.方法 通过文献分析和修订既往量表中的相关条目,建立条目库.经相关专家评定,筛选出效价高的条目.在湘潭市某中学初中一、二年级学生及湘潭市某职业技术学院一年级新生中施测,有效问卷871份.通过儿童受虐量表、父母养育方式评价量表等进行横断面调查.结果 通过项目分析、探索性因素分析及验证性因素分析最终形成由35条目构成儿童受虐量表.该量表由躯体虐待、言语虐待、性虐待3个分量表组成.儿童受虐量表总的Cronbach's α系数为0.87,重测相关系数0.88.各分量表躯体虐待分量表Croubach's Alpha系数为0.73～0.86,重测相关系数0.81～0.88之间.躯体受虐分量表、言语虐待分量表、性虐待分量表各条目在各层面的各条目的 负荷为0.33～0.74.验证性因素分析结果显示:卡方值与自由度的比值为3.81,拟合优度指数为0.91,TuckerLewis指数为0.89,近似误差均方根为0.04.该量表能有效地证明儿童受虐的程度与父母养育方式及儿童个性等存在明显的相关性.结论 儿童受虐量表条目区分度符合测量学要求,具有较为理想的信度、效度.

Child abuse scale: development, reliability and validity

Objective To develop a new scale as an assessment instrument for assessing the abuse status of child.To examine the reliability and validity of the child abuse scale(CAS).Methods Considering the cultural background of China,an item pool was established through revising items in correlative literatures and scales.Then,the first draft of the CAS was developed by reserving effective items which were graded by interrelated experts.The sample consisted of 871 students of the junior high school and the technology and profession college.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to develop and evaluate the structure of the scale.Results The CAS consisted of 35 items.The CAS was made of three sections which were physical abuse scale,verbal abuse scale and sexual abuse scale.The results of reliability were as follows:the eronhach's Alpha reliability of the whole child abuse scale was 0.87,and the test-retest reliability was 0.88.The item loadiugs of the abuse scale was 0.33～0.74.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the ratio of Chi-square to degrees of freedom was 3.81,the goodness of fit index was 0.91,the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.89,and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.04.Criterion-related validity studies showed that the scores of the CAS were significantly correlative with the rearing styles of their parents and child personality as well.Conclusion The internal consistency,test-retest reliability,content validity,construct validity,and criterion-related validity of the CAS entirely accorded with psychometric demands.