Evaluation of ocular hazards due to electric arc flash at an in-line switch

We investigated the ocular damage resulting from operation of a solid blade pole-mounted in-line electrical switch at between 16 and 17 kV with current loads between 38 A and 340 A. Spectroradiometric data for the electric arcs produced as the switch was opened were obtained over the waveband 200 to 1500 nm. The eyes of adult pigmented rabbits were exposed to the arc flash at a distance of 2 m. The ocular tissues were assessed clinically and histologically up to 48 h postexposure. Threshold damage was clinically detectable only in eyes exposed to a 340 A arc. We conclude that at the normal current loads on a 17-kV electric power transmission line, the principal oculovisual hazards are due to molten metal fulminated from the switch by the arc, and after-images due to the bright visible light flash. At a working distance of 2 m, the ultraviolet ocular hazard is negligible. Adequate eye protection is provided by clear polycarbonate safety lenses.