基因-环境交互作用研究方法:无对照病例研究

从目前的观点来看 ,可以认为很少有疾病是纯粹由遗传或者环境因素决定的 ,基因 环境交互作用在许多疾病 ,特别是常见的慢性疾病或者是所谓的“复杂性状疾病”(ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ ｔｒａｉｔｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ)的发病中 ,具有非常重要的意义[1 ] 。基因 环境交互作用可以理解为遗传因素对环境因素易感性的影响[2 ] 。对于基因 环境交互作用的深入研究 ,有助于了解人群易感性差异的原因 ,进而可以对环境与疾病、基因与疾病的关系有更深入的认识。目前许多对复杂性状疾病病因的遗传流行病学研究得到非常不一致的结论[3] ,没有考虑到基因 环境交…

A diagnosis test of stress fracture during basic training set for new military recruits

Objective To evaluate efficacy of stress fracture (SF) during basic training for military recruits using clinical diagnosis method. Methods Two hundred and eighty eight suspected SF were checked clinically and with bone scanning as golden standard. Results Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratios and Youden''s index of clinical diagnosis were found to be 97.5 %, 61.7 %, 91.7 %, 92.9 %, 82.9 %, 2.55, 0.04 and 0.59 respectively when calculated with cases. The agreement rate between two physicians was 81.7 % with kappa value 0.64. When calculated with position, the precious measures were 97.2 %, 84.1 %, 89.7 %, 82.0 %, 97.6 %, 6.12, 0.03, and 0.81 respectively. The agreement rate between two physicians was 94.4 % with kappa value 0.88. Conclusion Efficacy reliability and agreement of clinical diagnosis for SF seemed to be satisfactory.