脑电图和事件相关电位在精神分裂症认知功能评估中的应用

探讨脑电图（EEG）和事件相关电位（ERP）检查在精神分裂症患者认知功能评估中的应用价值。方法 选取 2013年5月~2018年5月本院住院缓解期精神分裂症患者68例，对患者进行蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、EEG和MMN检查，分析EEG改变特点，根据EEG结果分为EEG正常患者、癫痫样放电患者、慢波性异常患者，根据MoCA和事件相关电位变化特点评估患者认知功能并比较其差异，同时根据病程分析EEG和事件相关电位的变化并比较其差异。结果 ERP正常患者、癫痫样放电患者、慢波性异常患者认知障碍比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；随着病程的延长，δ波、θ波平均功率逐渐增高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；事件相关电位MMN、P300潜伏期延长和波幅降低随着精神分裂症患者病程的延长而变化，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；但长期患者潜伏期保持稳定（P＞0.05）。结论 在精神分裂症诊断中应用脑电图和事件相关电位检查，能够有效评估认知功能减退，对控制病情、药物选择及判断预后具有重要意义。

Application of EEG and Event-related Potentials in Cognitive Function Assessment of Schizophrenia

Abstract:Objective To explore the value of EEG and event-related potential examination in the evaluation of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Methods From May 2013 to May 2018, 68 patients with schizophrenia in hospital in the hospital were enrolled. The patients were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (MMN and P300). According to the EEG results, EEG results were divided into normal EEG patients, epileptiform discharge patients, and patients with slow wave abnormalities. The cognitive function of patients was evaluated according to the characteristics of MoCA and event-related potential changes, and the differences were compared. EEG and event-related potential changes and compare their differences. Results The difference of cognitive impairment between EEG normal patients, epileptiform discharge patients and slow wave abnormalities was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean power of δ wave and θ wave increased gradually with the prolongation of the disease course. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); event-related potentials MMN, P300 latency extension and amplitude decrease with the prolongation of schizophrenia patients, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); but the long-term patient latency remained stable (P>0.05).Conclusion The application of EEG and event-related potential examination in the diagnosis of schizophrenia can effectively evaluate cognitive decline, which is of great significance for controlling disease, drug selection and prognosis.