HLA基因及儿童期经历在抑郁障碍发病机制中的 作用及其交互影响关系

在抑郁障碍的发病机制中，基因-环境交互作用学说得到了许多研究者的支持。同时抑郁障碍已经被许多研究广泛证实为与免疫密切相关的疾病，抑郁障碍患者中枢神经系统的免疫因子水平紊乱，个体对环境的高敏感状态等免疫系统亢进的表现已经被揭示。而儿童期遭遇的长期或重大的应激经历及创伤体验会显著增加个体罹患抑郁障碍的风险，这种早期的负性体验也会导致成年后机体免疫系统的亢进。HLA基因作为自身免疫过程的起点，其表达产物的类型及水平都会对个体的免疫系统产生重大影响。但是目前针对HLA基因在精神障碍的发病机制中的研究较为缺乏。本文分析了HLA基因对抑郁障碍发病可能存在的影响，总结了儿童期经历对个体抑郁障碍易感性的影响，并探索性的讨论了HLA基因以及儿童期经历在抑郁障碍发病机制中所起到的作用以及其相互间的交互作用存在的可能性机制。

The Role of HLA Gene and Childhood Experience in the Pathogenesis of Depressive Disorder and Its Interaction

Abstract:In the pathogenesis of depressive disorder, the theory of gene-environment interaction has been supported by many researchers. At the same time, depressive disorder has been widely confirmed by many studies as a disease closely related to immunity. The level of immune factors in the central nervous system of patients with depressive disorder is disordered, and the performance of the immune system such as the high sensitivity of the individual to the environment has been revealed. Long-term or significant stress experiences and traumatic experiences experienced during childhood can significantly increase the risk of depression in an individual. This early negative experience can also lead to an increase in the body's immune system in adulthood. As the starting point of the autoimmune process, the HLA gene has a significant impact on the individual's immune system. However, there is currently a lack of research on the pathogenesis of mental disorders in the HLA gene. This article analyzes the possible effects of HLA gene on the pathogenesis of depressive disorder, summarizes the impact of childhood experience on the susceptibility of individual depression, and explores the HLA gene and childhood experience in the pathogenesis of depression and the possible in mechanisms by which roles and their interactions exist.