超声诊断对尿毒症病因的初步探讨

目的 探讨应用B型超声对尿毒症病因诊断价值及临床意义。方法 采用俯卧位、侧卧位或仰卧位,以肾脏长轴切面的最长径为肾的长度,以肾门的横断面测量肾的宽度和厚度。结果 47例慢性肾小球肾炎,双肾各径明显缩小,呈典型萎缩肾。7例高血压性肾硬化,双肾各径缩小,呈轻～中度萎缩肾。9例慢性肾盂肾炎,两侧肾影大小不等,其中一侧肾影明显缩小,呈萎缩肾。10例梗阻性肾病,双肾增大,肾盂、肾盏、输尿管明显积水。3例肾结核,一侧肾萎缩、钙化,对侧输尿管积水扭曲。3例多囊肾,双肾明显增大。3例急性、急进性肾炎,双肾影轻度增大或大小正常。1例糖尿病、1例尿酸性肾炎、1例系统性进行性硬化症,双肾影稍增大或大小正常。结论 ①B超对梗阻性肾病、多囊肾、肾结核等能明确诊断,②对提示尿毒症病因的诊断及判别预后是一种有效的检查方法。

THE PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR ETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF UREMIA

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic: value and clinical signification of ultrasonography type B on the uremia. Methods: It was measured for the length of kidney through the longest diameter of long axes view of kidney and for the width and thickness of kidney through the cross section of renal hilus, while the patient lay on Iris face downwards, side or back. Results: There were remarkably shortening for the parameters of double kidneys in 47cases of patients suffered from chronic glomerular nephritis with typical atrophy of kidney and in 7 cases of patients suffered from hypertensive nephrusclemsis with mild to moderate atrophy of kidney. The sizes of the images of double kidneys were various, thereinto, the image of single kidney was reduetive obviously in 9 cases of patients with chronic nephropyelitis accompanying atrophy of kidney. There were enlargement of double kidneys and dropsy of renal pelvis, renal calyces and ureter in 10 cases of patients with obstructive nephrosis. Of 3 cases with renal tuberculosis, the kidney presented atrophy and calcification in one side, and ureter appeared dropsy and torsion in opposite side. The double kidneys enlarged abviously in 3 eases of patients with polycystic kidney and were distensible mildly or nomral in 3 cases of patients with rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis. The images of double kidneys were slightly ampliative or normal in 1 ease of patient with diabetes, 1 with uratic nephritis as well as 1 with progressive systemic sclerosis. Conclusion: Ultrasonography type B can provide explicit basis in diagnosis of obstructive nephrosis, polycystic kidney and renal tuberculosis. it is an effective method to prompt the cause and judge the prognosis of uremia.