我国居民中医药科普知识认知情况调查研究?

目的：了解我国居民对中医药科普知识的认知情况,为中医药科普工作提供合理化建议。方法在参考政府指南和有关研究的基础上,自行设计调查问卷并在全国随机发放1800份,回收1486份,共得有效问卷1050份。调查内容涉及性别、年龄等7项基本信息和中医学科属性、中医学科优势、人体生命规律等17项中医药科普知识。建立数据库,采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据分析,分别统计各项中医药科普知识认知情况的均值和标准差值,进行正态分布和方差齐性检验,采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),组间两两比较,若方差齐者使用LSD检验,方差不齐则使用Tamhane’ T2法。结果我国居民对中医药科普知识总体认知水平比较有限,17项中医药科普知识的总认知程度均值为2.07,标准差值为0.53；认知程度均值最高的是服药注意事项2.47；认知程度均值最低的是五行学说为1.78。年龄组间分析显示,40~49岁组人群最低(33.04)；教育程度对我国居民的中医药科普知识认知程度有显著影响,“未上过学”和“高中学历”2组,分别与相邻组间的认知水平差异最为显著；职业组间分析显示,学生组认知程度最高,与农民组的差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=6.125)；家庭月均收入组间分析显示,5000~9999元/月组与1000~4999元/月组间差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=2.870)；健康状况变化程度(1年内)组间分析显示,自述“好一些”组与“差多了”组间差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=7．058)。结论我国居民中医药科普知识认知水平较低,亟需改善中医药科普认知现状。中医药科普内容应当系统化,加强中医思想和基本理论的普及是重点。中医药科普工作需更加深入基层,充分发挥其改善公众健康总体水平的社会公益作用。中医药科普知识认知水平量化评价方法有待完善。

A survey of Chinese public knowledge about Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective To understand Chinese public knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine ( TCM) and offer references for general education approaches. Methods Based on government guideline and pre-vious research, a questionnaire was designed and distributed randomly among Chinese residents in the country. Among the 1,800 questionnaires distributed, 1,486 was returned with 1,050 valid ones identified. The questionnaire consisted of seven demographic items including gender and ages;it also included seven-teen items of general TCM knowledge such as the nature of TCM discipline, advantages of TCM, and com-mon sense of health care in TCM. SPSS 20. 0 software was used to analyze the data obtained. Mean and standard deviation ( SD) was calculated for normal distribution and the homogeneity of variance test. One-
way ANOVA analysis was used to compare differences between groups. LSD test was conducted for homoge-neous variance and Tamhance’ T2 test for heterogeneous results. Results Chinese public knowledge about TCM was overall limited. Average score (x)of all 17 questions was 2. 07 (SD=0. 53). The best known item was precautions for decoction administration(x=2. 47)while the worst known one was about theory of five phases(x=1. 78). Comparison among groups indicated that students knew the most about TCM when compared with peasants(P <0. 001,Δaverage =6. 125); Difference was the most significant be-tween groups of different incomes (5 000-999 RMB/month vs. 1 000-4 999 RMB/month, P<0. 001,Δaverage=2. 870). Health status over the past year influenced the public’s knowledge as there was a significant difference between“I have been feeling better” and“I have been feeling worse” groups ( P<0. 001,Δaverage=7. 058) Conclusions Chinese public knowledge about TCM was generally limited. General education is in urgent need to provide systematic training to help the public know more about TCM philosophy and basic theories. Educators need to work from the grass to promote public’ s health care and benefit social awareness. The quantitative assessment of TCM general education also merits im-provement. This study proves to be a positive innovation.