天然气蒸汽联合循环热电工程职业病危害因素分析

目的识别、分析天然气蒸汽联合循环热电工程的职业病危害因素,确定职业病危害程度,提出防治对策,以保护劳动者职业健康。方法采用现场卫生学调查的方法调查分析企业基本情况、生产工艺、职业病危害因素及职业病危害防护措施;采用工作场所职业病危害因素测定法检测工作场所职业病危害因素的浓度或强度;采用工作场所职业危害分级方法进行工作场所职业病危害分级。结果天然气蒸汽联合循环热电工程存在的主要职业病危害因素为噪声、高温、热辐射、工频超高压电场、CO、CO2、NO、NO2、硫化氢、盐酸、氢氧化钠、氨、联氨、硫酸等;工程采用的生产工艺先进,工人作业方式主要为巡检;职业病危害防护设施设置基本合理;检测结果表明检测的31个噪声作业点中有5个点超标,超标率为16%,循环水泵旁噪声最高为94.4 dB(A);个体噪声及化学毒物检测结果全部符合国家职业卫生标准,运行岗位高温危害分级为Ⅱ级。结论职业病危害关键控制点为噪声和高温。氨、联氨、盐酸、氢氧化钠、硫酸等化学有害因素应加强管理。企业应按照《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》及相关法规、标准要求加强职业病防治工作。

Analysis of occupational hazards in combined cycle power plants

Objective To Identify,analyze occupational hazards and confirm the degree of occupational hazards of natural gas combined cycle power plants,propose measures of occupational hazards control,protect the workers’occupational health.Methods The contents of basic situation and production processes of the enterprise,analysis factors and protective measures of occupational hazards were investigated;Concentrations or intensities of occupational hazards in the workplace and were detected,occupational hazards classification was carried out.Results Main factors of natural gas combined cycle power plants occupational hazards included noise,high stress,thermal radiation,the high frequency electromagnetic field,CO,CO2,NO,NO2,H2S,HCl,NaOH,NH3,N2H4 and H2SO4.The production process of power plants was advanced,major work was patrol and inspection;the placement of the facilities for protection against occupational hazard was basically reasonable;the result of noise detection showed that 5 of 31 operating points exceeded the national standards,exceeding rate was 16%.The highest value of noise was 94.4 dB(A) near the circulating water pump.The individual test results of noise and chemical poisons all met the national standards of occupational health,high-temperature operations were classified into gradeⅡ.Conclusion The occupational hazards control should focus on noise and heat stress.NH3,N2H4,HCl,NaOH,H2SO4 and other harmful chemical substances should be strictly managed.The enterprise should strengthen the prevention of occupational diseases,accordance with the requirements of the Law of Occupational Disease Prevention of PRC and related regulations.